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项 目 Item |
中国 |
美国 |
日本 |
英国 |
法国 |
德国 |
澳大利亚 |
加拿大 |
意大利 |
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一、R&D人员 R&D personnel |
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1、人力资源(千人） |
(2004) |
(1999) |
(2004) |
(1993) |
(2003) |
(2003) |
(2002) |
(2002) |
(2003) |
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Human Resources(1 000 persons) |
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从事R&D活动人员 |
1152.6 |
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896.2 |
257.0 |
346.1 |
472.5 |
106.8 |
177.1 |
161.8 |
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R&D Personnel |
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(1998) |
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科学家工程师 |
926.3 |
1261.2 |
677.2 |
157.7 |
192.8 |
268.9 |
73.3 |
112.6 |
70.3 |
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Scientists and Engineers |
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(1993) |
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每万人劳动力中从事R&D活动人员 |
15 |
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135.0 |
90.0 |
127 |
120.0 |
105 |
107 |
67.0 |
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R&D Personnel in 10,000 Labor Forces |
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(1998) |
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科学家工程师 |
12 |
90 |
102.0 |
56.0 |
71.0 |
68.0 |
74.0 |
68 |
29.0 |
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Scientists and Engineers |
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2、从事R&D活动人员按执行部门分（％） |
(2004) |
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(2004) |
(1993) |
(2003) |
(2003) |
(2002) |
(2002) |
(2003) |
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R&D Personnel by Performing Sectors (%) |
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企业 |
60.5 |
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65.5 |
58.4 |
55.8 |
63.1 |
33.3 |
63.1 |
42.0 |
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Enterprises |
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研究机构 |
17.6 |
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6.9 |
13.2 |
14.8 |
15.6 |
17.4 |
9.7 |
19.4 |
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Research Institutes |
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高等学校 |
18.4 |
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25.8 |
25.7 |
27.5 |
21.3 |
46.4 |
26.7 |
36.7 |
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Higher Learning |
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二、R&D经费 R&D Funds |
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１、按经费来源分（％） |
(2004) |
(2004) |
(2004) |
(2003) |
(2003) |
(2004) |
(2002) |
(2005) |
(1996) |
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By sources of Funds (%) |
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企业 |
65.7 |
63.7 |
74.8 |
43.9 |
50.8 |
67.1 |
48.8 |
47.1 |
43.0 |
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Enterprises |
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政府 |
26.6 |
31.0 |
18.1 |
31.4 |
39.0 |
30.4 |
42.4 |
34.1 |
50.8 |
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Government |
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其他 |
7.7 |
5.3 |
7.1 |
24.8 |
10.2 |
2.6 |
8.8 |
18.9 |
6.2 |
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Other |
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２、按执行部门分（％） |
(2004) |
(2004) |
(2004) |
(2003) |
(2004) |
(2004) |
(2002) |
(2005) |
(2003) |
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By Performing Sector (%) |
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企业 |
66.8 |
70.1 |
75.2 |
65.7 |
62.9 |
70.4 |
51.2 |
52.7 |
47.3 |
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Enterprises |
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研究机构 |
23.0 |
12.2 |
9.5 |
9.7 |
16.7 |
13.3 |
19.3 |
9.5 |
17.5 |
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Research Institutes |
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高等学校 |
10.2 |
13.6 |
13.4 |
21.4 |
19.1 |
16.3 |
26.7 |
37.5 |
33.9 |
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Higher Learning |
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其他 |
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4.1 |
1.9 |
3.2 |
1.3 |
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2.8 |
0.3 |
1.4 |
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Other |
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３、按研究类型分（％） |
(2004) |
(2004) |
(2003) |
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(2003) |
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(2002) |
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(1998) |
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By types of Research (%) |
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基础研究 |
6.0 |
18.7 |
13.3 |
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24.1 |
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24.9 |
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22.2 |
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Fundamental Research |
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应用研究 |
20.4 |
21.3 |
22.4 |
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36.2 |
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37.2 |
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43.7 |
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Applied Research |
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实验发展 |
73.7 |
60.0 |
64.3 |
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39.7 |
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37.9 |
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34.1 |
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Experimental Development |
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项 目 瑞典 瑞士 土耳其 奥地利 比利时 捷克 丹麦 韩国 俄罗斯联邦 Item Czech 一、R&D人员 R&D personnel 1、人力资源(千人） (2003) (2004) (2002) (2002) (2004) (2004) (2004) (2004) (2004) Human Resources(1 000 persons) 从事R&D活动人员 73.0 52.3 29.0 38.9 53.9 28.8 42.7 194.1 951.6 R&D Personnel 科学家工程师 47.8 25.4 24.0 24.1 31.9 16.3 26.2 156.2 477.6 Scientists and Engineers 每万人劳动力中从事R&D活动人员 162.0 120.0 12 99 118.0 56.0 148.0 83.0 129.0 R&D Personnel in 10,000 Labor Forces 科学家工程师 106.0 58.0 10 61 70.0 32.0 91.0 67.0 65.0 Scientists and Engineers 2、从事R&D活动人员按执行部门分（％） (2003) (2004) (2002) (2002) (2004) (2004) (2004) (2004) (2004) R&D Personnel by Performing Sectors (%) 企业 65.9 63.3 20.4 68.7 59.3 52.4 65.7 68.3 59.7 Enterprises 研究机构 4.1 1.6 19.0 5.3 7.5 25.8 7.6 9.3 29.7 Research Institutes 高等学校 29.5 35.1 25.4 32.1 21.2 26.1 20.5 10.4 Higher Learning 二、R&D经费 R&D Funds １、按经费来源分（％） (2003) (2004) (2002) (2005) (2003) (2004) (2003) (2004) (2004) By sources of Funds (%) 企业 65.0 69.7 41.3 45.7 60.3 52.8 59.9 75.0 31.4 Enterprises 政府 23.5 22.7 50.6 36.4 23.6 41.9 27.1 23.1 60.6 Government 其他 11.6 7.6 8.2 18.8 16.1 5.3 13.0 1.9 8.0 Other ２、按执行部门分（％） (2003) (2004) (2002) (2002) (2004) (2004) (2004) (2004) (2004) By Performing Sector (%) 企业 74.1 73.7 28.7 66.8 68.6 63.7 68.0 76.7 69.1 Enterprises 研究机构 3.5 1.1 7.0 5.7 7.6 21.2 6.9 12.1 25.3 Research Institutes 高等学校 22.0 22.9 64.3 27.0 22.6 14.8 24.5 9.9 5.5 Higher Learning 其他 0.4 2.3 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.2 Other ３、按研究类型分（％） (2000) (2002) (2004) (2003) (2003) (2003) By types of Research (%) 基础研究 28.0 17.8 26.4 18.3 14.5 15.1 Fundamental Research 应用研究 35.8 37.6 28.5 26.0 20.8 15.6 Applied Research 实验发展 36.3 44.6 45.1 55.7 64.7 69.4 Experimental Development
