Bulletin on the National Grain Production in 2025

Based on the results of a nationwide survey conducted across all 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), the total grain sown area, yield per unit area, and total grain production in 2025 are reported as follows:

I. China’s grain sown area stood at 119,409 thousand hectares (1,791.13 million mu), an increase of 90 thousand hectares (1.35 million mu) or 0.1% compared with 2024. Among them, the sown area of cereals ^[1] was 100,619 thousand hectares (1,509.28 million mu), an increase of 161 thousand hectares (2.41 million mu) or 0.2% compared with 2024.

II. China’s grain yield per unit area came in at 5,987 kg/ha (399 kg/mu), an increase of 65.7 kg/ha (4.4 kg/mu) or 1.1% compared with 2024. Among them, the yield per unit area of cereals was 6,561 kg/ha (437 kg/mu), an increase of 68.3 kg/ha (4.6 kg/mu) or 1.1% compared with 2024.

III. China’s total grain production amounted to 714.88 million tons (1,429.8 billion jin), an increase of 8.38 million tons (16.8 billion jin) or 1.2% compared with 2024. Among them, cereal production was 660.21 million tons (1,320.4 billion jin), an increase of 7.92 million tons (15.8 billion jin) or 1.2% compared with 2024.

National Bureau of Statistics

December 12, 2025

Note: [1] Cereal primarily includes rice, wheat, maize, millet, sorghum, barley, oats, buckwheat, etc.

Total Grain Sown Area, Total Grain Production, and Yield per Unit Area in 2025

National Grain Production in 2025

Explanation of Grain Production Survey

The national total grain production is the sum of the summer grain, early rice, and autumn grain production across 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).

1. Survey Methods

The statistical survey of grain production adopts a combined approach, integrating sampling surveys of major varieties, typical surveys of minor varieties, and comprehensive surveys when necessary. The major grain varieties used in sampling surveys include rice, wheat, and maize. The surveys are conducted by selecting representative villages and plots within each province as the sampling population, and consist of sampling surveys of sown area and yield per unit area. The sown area survey uses remote sensing imagery and spatial sampling technology to select survey samples. At the time of the survey, all crops in the sample plots are checked to estimate the sown area of major grain crops. The survey of yield per unit area is conducted using the method of actual harvesting for measurement to estimate the yield per unit area for each major grain variety. The total production is calculated as the product of the sown area and the yield per unit area.

2. Survey Sample

At present, the sampling survey of grain production with the province as the sampling population is carried out in nationally designated survey counties (cities). More than 10,000 sample villages are selected, and in each village, three sample plots, each with an area of about 60 mu, are drawn. At the time of the survey, the survey staff and assistants of primary-level survey teams of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS) conduct the sampling survey on the sown area within designated sample plots, as well as on all natural plots covered by these sample plots. Based on the primary-level survey data, the provincial survey teams estimate the provincial grain sown area.

The sample survey of grain yield per unit area is carried out in sample plots selected by nationally designated survey counties (cities). Nearly 30,000 natural plots from more than 5,000 sample villages are selected. Within each natural plot, three to five small quadrats, each of ten square feet, are selected as required to estimate the average grain yield per unit area for each grain crop in the province, using the method of actual harvesting for measurement.

3. Method for Yield Measurement

The survey of yield per unit area of major grain varieties is conducted using the method of actual harvesting for measurement. In accordance with the Statistical Report System of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, and Fishery, prior to harvesting grain crops, the primary-level survey staff in the survey villages conduct field visits to estimate and rank the yield of corresponding crop-planting plots, based on the sown area survey samples. A certain number of sample plots are selected and marked for further measurement. During the harvest period, the county-level survey staff and assistants demarcate the selected sample plots, harvest the samples, and calculate the yield per unit area of the selected plot following subsequent procedures such as threshing, drying, measuring moisture and impurities, weighing, and accounting for losses incurred during harvesting, transport, and threshing. Based on the yield per unit area of sample plots, the provincial survey teams of the NBS estimate the average yield per unit area of their respective provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).