Households' Income and Consumption Expenditure in the First Half of 2025

2025-07-16 10:00 Print| Large| Medium| Small

I. Households' Income

In the first half of 2025, the nationwide per capita disposable income stood at 21,840 yuan, a nominal increase of 5.3 percent over the previous year, and a real increase of 5.4 percent after deducting price factors. In terms of urban and rural areas, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 28,844 yuan, an increase of 4.7 percent (unless otherwise specified, all growth rates mentioned are nominal), and a real increase of 4.7 percent after deducting price factors; the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 11,936 yuan, an increase of 5.9 percent, and a real increase of 6.2 percent after deducting price factors.

According to the source of income, in the first half of 2025, the per capita income from wages and salaries of residents nationwide was 12,628 yuan, an increase of 5.7 percent, accounting for 57.8 percent of the per capita disposable income; the per capita net business income was 3,407 yuan, an increase of 5.3 percent, accounting for 15.6 percent of the per capita disposable income; the per capita net income from properties was 1,825 yuan, an increase of 2.5 percent, accounting for 8.4 percent of per capita disposable income; the per capita net income from transfer was 3,980 yuan, an increase of 5.6 percent, accounting for 18.2 percent of the per capita disposable income.

In the first half of 2025, the median of the nationwide per capita disposable income was 18,186 yuan, an increase of 4.8 percent, and the median was 83.3 percent of the average. Among them, the median of the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 25,380 yuan, an increase of 4.0 percent, and the median was 88.0 percent of the average; the median of the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 10,060 yuan, an increase of 5.5 percent, and the median was 84.3 percent of the average.

Per Capita Disposable Income of Urban and Rural Residents Nationwide for the First Half of 2025

II. Consumption Expenditure of Households

In the first half of 2025, the nationwide per capita consumption expenditure was 14,309 yuan, a nominal increase of 5.2 percent over the previous year, and a real increase of 5.3 percent after deducting price factors. In terms of urban and rural areas, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 17,545 yuan, an increase of 4.6 percent, and a real increase of 4.6 percent after deducting price factors; the per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 9,733 yuan, an increase of 5.8 percent, and a real increase of 6.1 percent after deducting price factors.

In the first half of 2025, the nationwide per capita consumption expenditure on food, tobacco and liquor was 4,355 yuan, an increase of 3.3 percent, accounting for 30.4 percent of the per capita consumption expenditure; the per capita consumption expenditure on clothing was 843 yuan, an increase of 2.1 percent, accounting for 5.9 percent of the per capita consumption expenditure; the per capita consumption expenditure on residence was 3,092 yuan, an increase of 2.9 percent, accounting for 21.6 percent of the per capita consumption expenditure; the per capita consumption expenditure on household facilities, articles and services was 804 yuan, an increase of 9.0 percent, accounting for 5.6 percent of the per capita consumption expenditure; the per capita consumption expenditure on transportation and telecommunication was 1,972 yuan, an increase of 8.4 percent, accounting for 13.8 percent of per capita consumption expenditure; the per capita consumption expenditure on education, culture and recreation was 1,499 yuan, an increase of 11.8 percent, accounting for 10.5 percent of the per capita consumption expenditure; the per capita consumption expenditure on health care and medical services was 1,314 yuan, an increase of 3.4 percent, accounting for 9.2 percent of the per capita consumption expenditure; the per capita consumption expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services was 430 yuan, an increase of 10.4 percent, accounting for 3.0 percent of the per capita consumption expenditure.

Per Capita Consumption Expenditure and Composition in the First Half of 2025

Nationwide Income and Consumption Expenditure in the First Half of 2025

Item	Absolute Value (yuan)	Growth Rate Y/Y (Real Growth in Brackets)
Nationwide per Capita Disposable Income	21840	5.3（5.4）
Grouped by Permanent Residence
Urban residents	28844	4.7（4.7）
Rural residents	11936	5.9（6.2）
Grouped by Income Source
Income from wages and salaries	12628	5.7
Net business income	3407	5.3
Net income from properties	1825	2.5
Net income from transfer	3980	5.6
Median of Nationwide per Capita Disposable Income	18186	4.8
Grouped by Permanent Residence
Urban residents	25380	4.0
Rural residents	10060	5.5
Nationwide per Capita Consumption Expenditure	14309	5.2（5.3）
Grouped by Permanent Residence
Urban residents	17545	4.6（4.6）
Rural residents	9733	5.8（6.1）
Grouped by Consumption Category
Food,tobaccoand liquor	4355	3.3
Clothing	843	2.1
Residence	3092	2.9
Household facilities, articles and services	804	9.0
Transportation and telecommunication	1972	8.4
Education, culture and recreation	1499	11.8
Health care and medical services	1314	3.4
Miscellaneous goods and services	430	10.4
Notes: 1. Nominal growth rate of per capita disposable income of residents = (per capita disposable income of residents in the reporting period / per capita disposable income of residents in the base period - 1) * 100%; actual growth rate of per capita disposable income of residents = (per capita disposable income of residents in the reporting period / per capita disposable income of residents in the base period / consumer price index of residents in the reporting period * 100 - 1) * 100%. 2. The per capita income and consumption expenditure data nationwide are derived from a sampling survey of 160,000 households across the country, and are weighted and summarized based on the number of households represented by each sample household. Influenced by urbanization, population migration, and other factors, the population composition has changed over time by urban-rural areas and regions, leading to instances where the growth rate of certain income and consumption expenditure items nationwide exceeds that of corresponding income and consumption expenditure items for urban and rural residents. Especially during the process of urbanization, a segment of the rural population with relatively high incomes moves to urban areas, but they often belong to lower-income groups in urban settings. Their migration exerts a downward effect on both the income and consumption expenditure of urban and rural residents to some extent. Nonetheless, whether in urban or rural areas, their growth effect is reflected in the overall income and expenditure growth of all residents. 3. In the growth column compared with the previous year, the data in brackets are real growth rates, while others are nominal growth rates. 4. The average and median income are statistics reflecting the trend of residents' income concentration. The average can not only directly reflect the overall situation, but also reflect the overall structure, which is convenient for the comparison of income levels of different groups, but also vulnerable to the influence of extreme data; the median reflects the situation of the object in the middle position, which is relatively stable and can avoid the influence of extreme data, but cannot reflect the structure.

Income and Consumption Expenditure of Urban and Rural Residents in the First Half of 2025

Item	Absolute Value (yuan)	Nominal Growth Y/Y (%)
Per Capita Disposable Income of Urban Residents	28844	4.7
Grouped by Income Source
Income from wages and salaries	17548	4.9
Net business income	3510	5.8
Net income from properties	2864	1.4
Net income from transfer	4922	4.7
Per Capita Consumption Expenditure of Urban Residents	17545	4.6
Grouped by Consumption Category
Food, tobacco and liquor	5215	2.5
Clothing	1050	1.7
Residence	3962	2.0
Household facilities, articles and services	979	8.8
Transportation and telecommunication	2391	7.9
Education, culture and recreation	1871	12.1
Health care and medical services	1499	2.1
Miscellaneous goods and services	578	10.5
Per Capita Disposable Income of Rural Residents	11936	5.9
Grouped by Income Source
Income from wages and salaries	5671	6.2
Net business income	3261	4.4
Net income from properties	355	6.6
Net income from transfer	2649	7.0
Per Capita Consumption Expenditure of Rural Residents	9733	5.8
Grouped by Consumption Category
Food, tobacco and liquor	3138	4.4
Clothing	550	2.1
Residence	1863	4.3
Household facilities, articles and services	557	8.5
Transportation and telecommunication	1379	8.6
Education, culture and recreation	973	10.1
Health care and medical services	1053	5.7
Miscellaneous goods and services	220	8.0

Annotations:

1. Explanatory Notes

Disposable income of residents refers to the sum of final consumption expenditure and savings that residents can use, that is, the income that residents can use for free disposal. It includes income both in cash and in kind. By sources of income, disposable income includes income from wages and salaries, net business income, net income from properties and net income from transfer.

Consumption expenditure of residents refers to all expenditure of residents for living expenditure to satisfy family daily living. It includes expenditure in cash and in kind. It includes eight categories: food, tobacco and liquor, clothing; residence; household facilities, articles and services; transportation and telecommunication; education, culture and recreation; health care and medical services; miscellaneous goods and services.

The median of the nationwide per capita disposable income refers to the per capita disposable income of residents that lies in the middle of all surveyed households ranked from low to high on the basis of per capita disposable income level.

The quarterly income and consumption expenditure data do not cover the income and consumption of the self-produced and self-used parts of residents, which are included in the annual income and consumption expenditure data.

2. Survey Methods

The national and sub urban and rural residents' income and consumption expenditure data come from the household income and consumption expenditure and living conditions surveys organized and implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, which are released quarterly.

Using a stratified, multi-stage, probability sampling method proportional to the size of population, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of China randomly selected 160,000 households in 2,000 counties (cities, administrative regions) across 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) as surveyed households.

According to the unified system and method, the survey organizations directly under the NBS of China will organize the surveyed households to record and collect the data of residents' income, expenditure, family operation, production and investment; meanwhile, according to the unified questionnaire, collect other information such as the employment of household members and labor force, the ownership of housing and durable consumer goods, and the coverage of residents' basic social and public services. After the completion of data collection, the municipal and county survey organizations use unified methods and data processing procedures to code, review and input the original investigation data, and then directly transmit the basic household data to the NBS of China for unified summary and calculation.

3. Additional Description

Due to the rounding-off reasons, the subentries may not add up to the aggregate totals.