Bulletin on the National Grain Production in 2023

National Bureau of Statistics

December 11, 2023

According to the result of nationwide survey in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China, the total grain sown area, yield per unit area, and total grain production in 2023 are as follows:

I. China's grain sown area was 118,969 thousand hectares (1,784.53 million mu), an increase of 636 thousand hectares (9.55 million mu) or 0.5 percent compared with that in 2022. Among them, the sown area of cereals [1] was 99,926 thousand hectares (1,498.90 million mu), an increase of 658 thousand hectares (9.86 million mu) or 0.7 percent compared with that in 2022.

II. China's grain yield per unit area was 5,845 kg / ha (390 kg / mu), an increase of 43.6 kg / ha (2.9 kg / mu) or 0.8 percent over that in 2022. Among them, cereals yield per unit area was 6,419 kg / ha (428 kg / mu), an increase of 40.0 kg / ha (2.7 kg / mu) or 0.6 percent compared with that in 2022.

III. China's total grain production was 695.41 million tons (1,390.8 billion jin), an increase of 8.88 million tons (17.8 billion jin) or 1.3 percent compared with that in 2022. Among them, cereals production was 641.43 million tons (1,282.9 billion jin), an increase of 8.19 million tons (16.4 billion jin) or 1.3 percent compared with that in 2022.

Note:[1] Cereal mainly includes rice, wheat, corn, barley, sorghum, buckwheat, oats, etc.

Total Grain Sown Area, Yield per Unit Area and Total Grain Production in 2023

National Grain Production in 2023

Explanation on Grain Production Survey

The national total grain production combined the total production of summer grains, early rice, and autumn grains production in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).

1. Survey Methods

The statistical survey of grain production adopts the method of sampling survey of main varieties, typical survey of small varieties or comprehensive statistics. The main grain varieties in the sampling survey include rice, wheat and corn. The representative villages and plots were selected from the province as a whole to carry out the survey. The sampling survey of grain yield consists of the sampling survey of sowing area and yield per unit area. The sowing area survey uses remote sensing image and spatial sampling technology to select survey samples. At the survey time point, all crops in the sample plot are checked to calculate the sowing area of main grain crops. The yield per unit area of main grain varieties was calculated by the method of actual cutting. The total yield is obtained by multiplying the sowing area and the yield per unit area.

2. Survey Sample

At present, the sampling survey of grain production with province as the whole is carried out in the counties (cities) under national investigation. There are more than 10000 sample villages in China, and three sample plots with an area of about 60 mu are taken from each sample village. In the survey season, the investigators or assistant investigators of each grassroots Survey Team of the National Bureau of Statistics shall carry out the survey, and carry out the sampling survey on the sown area of all the natural plots within the sample plot and its cover. According to the basic data of the investigation, the provincial grain sowing area is calculated by the provincial Survey Offices.

The sample survey of grain yield per unit area is carried out in the area survey plots selected by the national survey counties (cities). There are more than 5000 sample villages and nearly 30,000 natural plots in China. In each natural plot, 3-5 ten square foot small quadrats are selected according to the requirements. The average per unit yield level of grain crops in the whole province is calculated through the actual cutting of grain crops in the quadrat.

3. Methods for Yield Estimation

The survey of main varieties of grain yield per unit area was conducted using real cutting and weighting method. In accordance with "Statistical Report System of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery ", before harvesting of varieties of grains, based on the survey samples of grain sown area, the investigators of Survey Organizations at county level will go to the selected village, estimate the yield of every piece of land growing grains and sort them, then select certain amount of land plots. During the harvest period, investigators or assistant investigators at grassroots estimate the yield of per unit area of the selected plot by cutting, threshing, drying, testing water impurity, weighting, and estimating the losses during the whole process. The Survey Offices at provincial level of NBS estimate the average yield per unit area of the province (autonomous regions, municipalities) according to yields of selected plots.