| 1-3 Composition
Indicators on National Economic and Social Development |
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| (%) |
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| Item |
1978 |
1990 |
2000 |
2011 |
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Population and Employment |
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| Population |
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| Sexual
Composition |
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Male |
51.5 |
51.5 |
51.6 |
51.3 |
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Female |
48.5 |
48.5 |
48.4 |
48.7 |
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| Urban and
Rural Composition |
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Urban |
17.9 |
26.4 |
36.2 |
51.3 |
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Rural |
82.1 |
73.6 |
63.8 |
48.7 |
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| Employment |
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| Industrial
Composition |
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Primary Industry |
70.5 |
60.1 |
50.0 |
34.8 |
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Secondary Industry |
17.3 |
21.4 |
22.5 |
29.5 |
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Tertiary Industry |
12.2 |
18.5 |
27.5 |
35.7 |
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Macro Economy |
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| National Accounting |
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| Industrial
Composition |
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Primary Industry |
28.2 |
27.1 |
15.1 |
10.0 |
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Secondary Industry |
47.9 |
41.3 |
45.9 |
46.6 |
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Tertiary Industry |
23.9 |
31.5 |
39.0 |
43.4 |
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| Investment in Fixed Assets |
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| Composition of
Funding Sources |
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State Budget |
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8.7 |
6.4 |
4.3 |
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Domestic Loans |
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19.6 |
20.3 |
13.4 |
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Foreign Investment |
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6.3 |
5.1 |
1.5 |
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Self-raising Funds and Other Investments |
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65.4 |
68.2 |
80.9 |
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| Imports and Exports of Goods |
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| Composition of
Exports |
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Primary Goods |
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25.6 |
10.2 |
5.3 |
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Manufactured Goods |
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74.4 |
89.8 |
94.7 |
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| Composition of
Imports |
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Primary Goods |
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18.5 |
20.8 |
34.7 |
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Manufactured Goods |
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81.5 |
79.2 |
65.3 |
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| Utilization of Foreign Capital |
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| Composition of
Foreign Capital Actually Utilized |
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Loans from Abroad |
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63.5 |
16.8 |
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Foreign Direct Investment |
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33.9 |
68.6 |
98.6 |
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Other Foreign Investment |
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2.6 |
14.6 |
1.4 |
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| Government Finance |
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| Composition of
Government Revenue |
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Central Government |
15.5 |
33.8 |
52.2 |
49.4 |
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Local Governments |
84.5 |
66.2 |
47.8 |
50.6 |
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| Composition of
Government Expenditure |
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Central Government |
47.4 |
32.6 |
34.7 |
15.1 |
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Local Governments |
52.6 |
67.4 |
65.3 |
84.9 |
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| Energy |
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| Composition of
Total Energy Production |
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Coal |
70.3 |
74.2 |
73.2 |
77.8 |
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Crude Oil |
23.7 |
19.0 |
17.2 |
9.1 |
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Natural Gas |
2.9 |
2.0 |
2.7 |
4.3 |
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Hydro-power, Nuclear Power, Wind Power |
3.1 |
4.8 |
6.9 |
8.8 |
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| Composition of
Total Energy Consumption |
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Coal |
70.7 |
76.2 |
69.2 |
68.4 |
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Petroleum |
22.7 |
16.6 |
22.2 |
18.6 |
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Natural Gas |
3.2 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
5.0 |
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Hydro-power, Nuclear Power, Wind Power |
3.4 |
5.1 |
6.4 |
8.0 |
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Industry |
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| Agriculture |
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| Composition of
Gross Output Value of Agriculture |
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Farming |
80.0 |
64.7 |
55.7 |
51.6 |
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Forestry |
3.4 |
4.3 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
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Animal Husbandry |
15.0 |
25.7 |
29.7 |
31.7 |
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Fishery |
1.6 |
5.4 |
10.9 |
9.3 |
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| Industry |
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| Composition of
Capital of Industrial Enterprises |
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Large Enterprises |
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56.3 |
50.8 |
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Medium-sized Enterprises |
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12.9 |
24.1 |
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Small Enterprises |
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30.8 |
24.5 |
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Micro-sized Enterprises |
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0.6 |
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| Construction |
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| Composition of Gross Output
Value of Construction Industry |
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| State-owned
Enterprise |
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69.5 |
40.4 |
17.8 |
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Collective-owned Enterprises |
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30.5 |
32.3 |
3.7 |
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| Enterprises
with Funds from Hong Kong, Macao & Taiwan |
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0.8 |
0.5 |
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| Foreign Funded
Enterprises |
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0.5 |
0.6 |
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| Other
Enterprises |
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25.9 |
77.5 |
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| Transportation |
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| Composition of
Freight Traffic |
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Railways |
44.2 |
15.5 |
13.1 |
10.6 |
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Highways |
34.2 |
74.6 |
76.5 |
76.3 |
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Waterways |
17.4 |
8.3 |
9.0 |
11.5 |
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Civil Aviation |
0.003 |
0.004 |
0.014 |
0.015 |
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Pipelines |
4.2 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
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| Tourism |
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| Composition of
Tourists Visiting China |
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Foreigners |
12.7 |
6.4 |
12.2 |
20.0 |
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Hong Kong and Macao Compatriots |
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89.9 |
84.0 |
76.1 |
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Taiwan Compatriots |
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3.5 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
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| Financial Intermediation |
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| Composition of
Sources of Funds in Financial Institutions |
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Deposits |
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88.6 |
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Financial Bonds |
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1.1 |
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Currency in Circulation |
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5.6 |
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Liability to International Financial Institutions |
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0.1 |
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Others |
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4.6 |
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| Composition of
Fund Uses in Financial Institutions |
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Total Loans |
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60.0 |
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Portfolio Investments |
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10.6 |
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Shares and Other Investments |
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1.4 |
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Position for Bullion Purchase |
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0.1 |
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Position for Foreign Exchanges Purchase |
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27.8 |
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Assets with International Financial Institutions |
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0.2 |
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Education, Science and Health Care |
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| Education |
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| Composition of
Full-time Teachers in Regular Schools |
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Colleges and Universities |
2.4 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
11.5 |
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Secondary Schools |
36.9 |
33.7 |
38.8 |
42.1 |
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Primary Schools |
60.7 |
62.0 |
56.7 |
46.4 |
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| Composition of
Student Enrollment in Regular Schools |
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College and University Students |
0.4 |
1.2 |
2.7 |
11.7 |
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Secondary School Students |
30.8 |
26.9 |
35.2 |
38.1 |
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Primary School Students |
68.8 |
71.9 |
62.2 |
50.3 |
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| Science and Technology |
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| Composition of
Intramural Expenditure on R&D |
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Basic Research |
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5.2 |
4.7 |
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Applied Research |
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17.0 |
11.8 |
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Experimental Development |
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77.8 |
83.4 |
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| Health Care |
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| Composition of
Medical Technical Personnel |
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Licensed (Assistant) Doctors |
39.7 |
45.2 |
46.2 |
39.8 |
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170.9115 |
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Registered Nurses |
16.4 |
25.0 |
28.2 |
36.2 |
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Pharmacist |
10.8 |
10.4 |
9.2 |
5.9 |
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Laboratory Technician |
4.0 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
3.9 |
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People's Living Conditions |
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| Consumption Composition of Urban
Residents |
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| Food |
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54.3 |
39.4 |
36.3 |
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| Clothing |
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13.4 |
10.0 |
11.0 |
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| Residence |
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7.0 |
11.3 |
9.3 |
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| Household
Facilities and Articles |
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10.1 |
7.5 |
6.7 |
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| Transport and
Communications |
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1.2 |
8.5 |
14.2 |
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| Education,
Culture and Recreation |
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11.1 |
13.4 |
12.2 |
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| Health Care
and Medical Services |
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2.0 |
6.4 |
6.4 |
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| Others |
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0.9 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
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| Consumption Composition of Rural
Residents |
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| Food |
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58.8 |
49.1 |
40.4 |
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| Clothing |
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7.8 |
5.7 |
6.5 |
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| Residence |
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17.3 |
15.5 |
18.4 |
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| Household
Facilities and Articles |
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5.3 |
4.5 |
5.9 |
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| Transport and
Communications |
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1.4 |
5.6 |
10.5 |
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| Education,
Culture and Recreation |
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5.4 |
11.2 |
7.6 |
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| Health Care
and Medical Services |
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3.3 |
5.2 |
8.4 |
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| Others |
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0.7 |
3.1 |
2.3 |
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Environment |
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| Composition of Investment in the
Treatment of |
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| Industrial Pollution |
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| Waste
Water Treatment |
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46.7 |
35.5 |
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| Waste
Gas Treatment |
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38.7 |
47.6 |
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| Solid
Waste Treatment |
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4.9 |
7.1 |
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| Noise
Abatement |
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0.6 |
0.5 |
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| Others |
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9.1 |
9.3 |
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