2-5 Indicators on Proportions and Efficiency in National
Economicand Social Development

Item	1978	1989	1997	2004

Population and Employment
Population
Birth Rate (‰)	18.25	21.58	16.57	12.29
Death Rate (‰)	6.25	6.54	6.51	6.42
Natural Growth Rate (‰)	12.00	15.04	10.06	5.87
Employment
Dependency Ratio	1.40	1.04	0.77	0.73
Unemployment Rate in Urban Areas (%)	5.3	2.6	3.1	4.2

Macro Economy
National Accounting
Overall Labor Productivity (yuan/person)	911	3084	10732	18295
Primary Industry	354	1292	4080	5784
Secondary Industry	2752	6033	22731	43875
Tertiary Industry	1863	5387	12667	19509
Per Capita GDP (yuan)	379	1512	6054	10561
Investment in Fixed Assets
Proportion of Investment in fixed Assets to
GDP (%)		26.1	33.5	51.5
Rate of Total Floor Space of Buildings		77.9	72.0	55.0
Completed in Construction (%)
Government Finance
Proportion of Government Revenue to GDP (%)	31.2	15.8	11.6	19.3
Proportion of Government Expenditures to GDP (%)	31.0	16.7	12.4	20.8
Proportion of Extra-budgetary Receipt to
Government Revenue (%)	30.7	99.8	32.7	21.0
Foreign Debts
Debt Service Ratio (%)		8.3	7.3	3.2
Liability Ratio (%)		9.2	14.5	13.9
Foreign Debt Ratio (%)		86.4	63.2	34.9
Utilization of Foreign Capital
Proportion of Actually Foreign Direct
Investment for Foreign Direct Investment (%)		60.6	88.7	94.6
Energy
Elasticity Ratio of Energy Production		1.48		1.62
Elasticity Ratio of Energy Consumption		1.02		1.60
Energy Consumption per 10 000 yuan GDP (ton)	15.8	5.7	1.9	1.4
Industry
Agriculture
Output of Farm Corps Per Agricultural Laborer (kg)
Grain		1276	1528	1518
Cotton		11.9	14.2	20.4
Oil-bearing Crops		40.5	66.7	99.1
Pork, Beef and Mutton			131.4	186.8
Aquatic Products		36.0	111.3	158.5
Output of Farm Crops per Hectare of Sown Area (kg)
Grain	2527	3632	4377	4620
Cotton	445	728	1025	1111
Oil-bearing Crops	839	1233	1743	2125
Industry
Ratio of Total Assets to Industrial Output Value (%)			7.12	12.26
Assets-Liability Ratio (%)			63.74	59.17
Ratio of Profits to Industrial Cost (%)			2.35	6.52
Number of Times of Annual of Turnover			1.41	2.16
Circulating Funds (times/year)
Construction
Value of Machinery per Laborer(yuan/person)		2341	4729
Ratio of Per-tax Profits to Gross Output Value (%)		5.8	4.2
Overall Labor Productivity (yuan/person)			12089	20817
(in terms of value-added per employee)
Transportation
Elasticity of Passenger Traffic			0.74	1.19
Elasticity of Freight Traffic		0.15		0.98
Railway Density (km/10000 sq.km)	54	59	69	78
Highway Density (km/10000 sq.km)	927	1057	1278	1949
Railway Freight Traffic Density (ton/km)	21300	26624	26063	33470
Highway Freight Traffic Density (ton/km)	957	7234	7963	6654
Cargo Handled at Seaports per Berth (10 000 tons)
		55	68	101
Post and Communications
Elasticity of Postal and Telecommunications Services		4.88	3.65	4.04
Access to Telephones
(include mobile phone) (set/100 persons)			8.1	50.0
Access to Mobile Phones (set/100 persons)			1.1	25.9
Domestic Trade
Per Capita Retail Sales of Consumer Goods (yuan)	163	724	2219	4163
Foreign Trade
Proportion of Total Value of Imports & Exports to
GDP (%)	9.8	24.6	36.2	69.8
International Tourism
Expenditure per International Tourist in		76	210	236
China (USD)
Financial Intermediation
Bank Deposits as Percentage of GDP (%)
	31.3	63.8	110.6	176.4
Bank Loans as Percentage of GDP (%)
	51.0	84.9	100.6	130.2
Proportion of Cash Outlay to Cash Receipt
in Bank (%)	101.2	101.4	101.0	100.3
Education, Science and Technology and Culture
Education
Rate of School-age Children Enrollment (%)	95.5	97.4	98.9	98.9
Rate of Graduates of Primary Schools	87.7	71.5	93.7	98.1
Entering Junior Secondary Schools (%)			51.5	62.9
Rate of Graduates of Junior Secondary	40.9	38.3	48.6	82.5
Schools Entering Senior Secondary Schools (%)
Student-teacher Ratio (in percentage) (%)
Colleges and Universities	4.2	5.2	7.8	15.5
Secondary Schools	20.2	14.8	16.7	18.8
Primary Schools	28.0	22.3	24.2	20.0
Science and Technology
R&D Expenditures as Percentage of GDP (%)
			0.65	1.44
Culture
Number of Troupes per Million Persons (unit)	3.27	2.53	2.15	1.98
Number of Public Libraries per Million Persons(unit)	1.27	2.23	2.13	2.09
Number of Museums per Million Persons (unit)	0.36	0.86	1.04	1.19

Family, People's Livelihood and Environment
Family
Dependency Ratio of Children (%)	54.63	41.53	39.58	30.32
Dependency Ratio of the Aged (%)	7.97	8.40	9.23	10.72
Marriages and Divorces
		1.3	1.9	2.5
People's Livelihood
Proportion of Growth Rate of Annual Income of		0.40	0.63	0.93
Urban Residents to the Growth Rate of Annual
Net Income of Rural Residents (1978=100)
Welfare
Pensions for Retired Veterans, Retired and Resigned		12.2	19.0	26.7
Persons as Percentage of Total Wages (%)
Proportion of the Number of Workers Who Have		16.0	22.8	44.2
Retired or Resigned to the Number of
Employed Ones (%)
Health Care
Number of Doctors per 10 000 Persons (person)	10.8	15.6	16.5	15.0
Number of Hospital Beds per 10 000 Persons (unit)	19.3	22.8	23.5	24.0
Utilization Rate of Beds in Health Institution (%)		81.7	61.7	61.3
City Construction
Percentage of Households with Access to Tap Water (%)		47.4	61.2	88.9
Percentage of Households with Access to Tap Gas (%)		17.8	40.0	81.5
Per Capita Public Green Areas (sq.m)		1.7	2.9	7.4
Environment and Disasters
Average Loss of per Fire Disaster (yuan)			10988	6616
Average Loss of per Traffic Accident (yuan)			6069	4618
Average Direct Loss per Pollution Accident (yuan)			41998	252366


a) Data on proportion of extra-budgetary receipt to government revenue in 2004 are the data in 2003.
b) Economic efficiency of industry in 1997 were the data in 1998.
c) Figures of dependency ratio of children and the aged in 1978, 1989 and 1997 were the 1982's, 1990's and 1995's data.