2-5 Indicators on Proportions and Efficiency in National Economic and Social Development


Item	1978	1989	1997	2003

Population and Employment
Population
Birth Rate (‰)	18.25	21.58	16.57	12.41
Death Rate (‰)	6.25	6.54	6.51	6.40
Natural Growth Rate (‰)	12.00	15.04	10.06	6.01
Employment
Dependency Ratio	1.40	1.04	0.77	0.74
Employment Ratio by Type of Industry
(Employment in primary industry=100)
Primary Industry	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Secondary Industry	24.5	36.0	47.5	44.0
Tertiary Industry	17.3	30.5	52.9	59.7
Unemployment Rate in Urban Areas (%)	5.3	2.6	3.1	4.3

Macro Economy
National Accounting
Ratio of Value-added by Type of Industry
(Value added in primary industry=100)
Primary Industry	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Secondary Industry	171.4	172.1	261.9	358.5
Tertiary Industry	84.5	127.8	162.0	227.5
Overall Labor Productivity (yuan/person)	911	354	2752	1863
Primary Industry	3084	1292	6033	5387
Secondary Industry	10732	4080	22731	12667
Tertiary Industry	15826	4656	38468	18129
Per Capita GDP (yuan)	379	1512	6054	9101
Investment in Fixed Assets
Proportion of Investment in fixed Assets to
GDP (%)		26.1	33.5	47.4
Rate of Total Floor Space of Buildings		77.9	72.0	59.0
Completed in Construction (%)
Rate of Fixed Assets Completed in Capital	74.3	76.0	75.1	59.4
Construction and Put into Use (%)
Rate of Projects Completed in Capital	26.0	53.3	56.9	51.0
Construction and Put into Use (%)
Finance
Proportion of Government Revenue to GDP (%)	31.2	15.8	11.6	18.5
Proportion of Government Expenditures to GDP (%)	31.0	16.7	12.4	21.0
Proportion of Local Government Revenue to	544.2	224.0	104.7	83.0
Central Government Revenue (%)
Proportion of Local Government Expenditure	110.9	217.7	264.6	232.2
to Central Government Expenditure (%)
Proportion of Extra-budgetary Receipt to
Government Revenue (%)	30.7	99.8	32.7	23.7
Utilization of Foreign Capital
Proportion of Actually Foreign Direct
Investment for Foreign Direct Investment (%)		60.6	88.7	46.5
Energy
Elasticity Ratio of Energy Production		1.48		1.70
Elasticity Ratio of Energy Consumption		1.02		1.42
Energy Consumption per 10 000 yuan GDP (ton)	15.8	5.7	1.9	1.4
Industries
Agriculture
Output of Farm Corps Per Agricultural Laborer (kg)
Grain		1276	1528	1362
Cotton		11.9	14.2	15.4
Oil-bearing Crops		40.5	66.7	88.9
Pork, Beef and Mutton			131.4	174.1
Aquatic Products		36.0	111.3	148.8
Output of Farm Crops per Hectare of Sown Area (kg)
Grain	2527	3632	4377	3765
Cotton	445	728	1025	951
Oil-bearing Crops	839	1233	1743	1875
Industry
Ratio of Total Assets to Industrial Output Value (%)			7.12	10.50
Assets-Liability Ratio (%)			63.74	58.96
Ratio of Profits to Industrial Cost (%)			2.35	6.25
Number of Times of Annual of Turnover			1.41	2.00
Circulating Funds (times/year)
Overall Labor Productivity (yuan/person)			31347	73045
(in terms of value-added per employee)
Construction
Value of Machinery per Laborer (yuan/person)		2341	4729	9957
Ratio of Per-tax Profits to Gross Output Value (%)		5.8	4.2	5.5
Overall Labor Productivity (yuan/person)			12089	17476
(in terms of value-added per employee)
Transportation
Elasticity of Passenger Traffic			0.74
Elasticity of Freight Traffic		0.15		0.57
Railway Density (km/10000 sq.km)	54	59	69	76
Highway Density (km/10000 sq.km)	927	1057	1278	1885
Railway Freight Traffic Density (ton/km)	21300	26624	26063	30298
Highway Freight Traffic Density (ton/km)	957	7234	7963	6409
Cargo Handled at Seaports per Berth (10 000 tons)
		55	68	90
Post and Communications
Elasticity of Postal and Telecommunications Services		4.88	3.65	2.50
Access to Telephones
(include mobile phone) (set/100 persons)			8.1	42.2
Access to Mobile Phones (set/100 persons)			1.1	21.0
Domestic Trade
Per Capita Retail Sales of Consumer Goods (yuan)	163	724	2219	3558
Foreign Trade
Proportion of Total Imports & Exports to
GDP (%)	9.8	24.6	36.2	60.1
International Tourism
Expenditure per International Tourist in		76	210	190
China (USD)
Financial Intermediation
Bank Deposits as Percentage of GDP (%)
	31.3	63.8	110.6	177.4
Bank Loans as Percentage of GDP (%)
	51.0	84.9	100.6	135.6
Proportion of Cash Outlay to Cash Receipt
in Bank (%)	101.2	101.4	101.0	100.5
Education, Science and Technology and Culture
Education
Rate of School-age Children Enrollment (%)	95.5	97.4	98.9	98.7
Rate of Graduates of Primary Schools	87.7	71.5	93.7	97.9
Entering Junior Secondary Schools (%)
Rate of Graduates of Junior Secondary	40.9	38.3	51.5	60.2
Schools Entering Senior Secondary Schools (%)
Student-teacher Ratio (in percentage) (%)
Colleges and Universities	4.2	5.2	7.8	15.3
Secondary Schools	20.2	14.8	16.7	18.9
Primary Schools	28.0	22.3	24.2	20.5
Science and Technology
R&D Expenditures as Percentage of GDP (%)
			0.65	1.31
Culture (unit)
Number of Troupes per Million Persons	3.27	2.53	2.15	2.03
Number of Public Libraries per Million Persons	1.27	2.23	2.13	2.10
Number of Museums per Million Persons	0.36	0.86	1.04	1.17

Family, People's Livelihood and Environment
Family
Dependency Ratio of Children (%)	54.63	41.53	39.58	31.39
Dependency Ratio of the Aged (%)	7.97	8.40	9.23	10.65
Marriages and Divorces
Divorce Rate (‰)		1.3	1.9	2.1
People's Livelihood
Proportion of Growth Rate of Annual Income of		0.40	0.63	0.92
Urban Residents to the Growth Rate of Annual
Net Income of Rural Residents (1978=100)
Welfare
Pensions for Retired Veterans, Retired and Resigned		12.2	19.0	28.1
Persons as Percentage of Total Wages (%)
Proportion of the Number of Workers Who Have		16.0	22.8	43.1
Retired or Resigned to the Number of
Employed Ones (%)
Health Care
Number of Doctors per 10 000 Persons (person)	10.7	15.2	16.1	14.8
Number of Hospital Beds per 10 000 Persons (unit)	19.3	22.8	23.5	23.4
Utilization Rate of Beds in Health Institution (%)		81.7	61.7	58.7
City Construction
Percentage of Households with Access to Tap Water (%)		47.4	61.2	86.2
Percentage of Households with Access to Tap Gas (%)		17.8	40.0	76.7
Per Capita Public Green Areas (sq.m)		1.7	2.9	6.5
Environment and Disasters
Average Loss of per Fire Disaster (yuan)			10988	6265
Average Loss of per Traffic Accident (yuan)			6069	5047
Average Loss per Pollution Accident (yuan)			41998	18312


a) Data on proportion of extra-budgetary receipt to government revenue in 2003 are the data in 2002.
b) Economic efficiency of industry in 1997 were the data in 1998.
c) Figures of dependency ratio of children and the aged in 1978, 1989 and 1997 were the 1982's, 1990's and 1995's data.