2-4 Structural Indicators on National Economic and Social Development
				(%)
Item	1978	1989	1997	2003

Population and Employment
Population
Urban and Rural Structure
Urban	17.9	26.2	31.9	40.5
Rural	82.1	73.8	68.1	59.5
Sexual Structure
Male	51.5	51.6	51.1	51.5
Female	48.5	48.4	48.9	48.5
Employment
Industrial Structure
Primary Industry	70.5	60.1	49.9	49.1
Secondary Industry	17.3	21.6	23.7	21.6
Tertiary Industry	12.2	18.3	26.4	29.3

Macro Economy
National Accounting
Industrial Structure
Primary Industry	28.1	25.0	19.1	14.6
Secondary Industry	48.2	43.0	50.0	52.2
Tertiary Industry	23.7	32.0	30.9	33.2
Investment
Structure of Total Investment in Fixed Assets
Capital Construction		35.2	39.8	41.2
Innovation		17.9	15.7	15.5
Real Estate Development		6.2	12.7	18.3
Other Investment		40.7	31.8	25.0
Structure of Funded Sources
State Budgetary Appropriation		8.3	2.8	4.6
Domestic Loans		17.3	18.9	20.5
Foreign Investment		6.6	10.6	4.4
Fundraising and Others Investment		67.8	67.7	70.5
Government Finance
Structure of Government Revenue
Central Government	15.5	30.9	48.9	54.6
Local Governments	84.5	69.1	51.1	45.4
Structure of Government Expenditures
Central Government	47.4	31.5	27.4	30.1
Local Governments	52.6	68.5	72.6	69.9
Utilization of Foreign Capital
Structure of Foreign Capital Actually Utilized
Loans from Abroad		62.5	18.7
Direct Investment by Foreign Entrepreneurs		33.7	70.3	95.3
Other Investment by Foreign Entrepreneurs		3.8	11.1	4.7
Energy
Structure of Total Energy Production
Coal	70.3	74.1	74.1	74.2
Petroleum Crude Oil	23.7	19.3	17.3	15.2
Natural Gas	2.9	2.0	2.1	2.9
Hydropower	3.1	4.6	6.5	7.7
Structure of Total Energy Consumption
Coal	70.7	76.0	71.7	67.1
Petroleum Oil	22.7	17.1	20.4	22.7
Natural Gas	3.2	2.1	1.7	2.8
Hydropower	3.4	4.7	6.2	7.4
Industrial
Agriculture
Structure of Gross Output Value of Agriculture
Farming	80.0	62.8	58.2	50.1
Forestry	3.4	4.4	3.4	4.2
Animal Husbandry	15.0	27.6	28.8	32.1
Fishery	1.6	5.3	9.6	10.6
Industry
Structure of Gross Output Value of Industry
Large Enterprises			41.3	34.4
Medium-sized Enterprises			14.1	33.1
Small Enterprises			44.6	32.5
Construction
Structure of Gross Output Value of
Construction Industry
State-owned Enterprise		68.5	49.6	26.3
Collective-owned Enterprises		31.5	43.0	14.2
Enterprise with Funds from Hong Kong, Macao & Taiwan			0.7	0.5
Foreign Funded Enterprise			0.8	0.5
Other Enterprise			5.9	58.5
Transportation
Structure of Freight Traffic
Railways	44.2	15.3	13.5	14.2
Highways	34.2	74.2	76.4	74.3
Waterways	17.4	8.9	8.9	10.1
Civil Aviation	…	…	…	…
Pipelines	4.2	1.6	1.3	1.4
Domestic Trade
Composition of Retail Sales of Consumer Goods
Cities	32.4	45.3	61.0	65.0
Counties	24.4	16.4	12.8	11.4
Below Counties	43.2	38.3	26.2	23.6
Foreign Trade
Structure of Exports
Primary Goods	53.5	28.7	13.1	7.9
Manufactured Goods	46.5	71.3	86.9	92.1
Structure of Imports
Primary Goods		19.9	20.1	17.6
Manufactured Goods		80.1	79.9	82.4
International Tourism
Structure of Tourists
Foreigners	12.7	6.0	12.9	12.4
Hong Kong and Macao Compatriots	}86.3	}93.8	83.3	84.6
Taiwan Compatriots			3.7	3.0
Financial Intermediation
Structure of Sources of Funds in State Banks
Deposits			86.7	92.3
Bonds			…	1.0
Liability to International Finance Institutions			0.2	0.2
Currency in Circulation			10.7	8.8
Others			2.3	-2.3
Structure of Fund Uses in State Banks
Loans			78.9	70.6
Securities and Investment			3.9	13.4
Capital in International Finance Institutions			0.6	0.4
Purchase of Gold and Silver			…	0.1
Purchase of Foreign Exchanges			14.2	15.5
Government Debt			1.7

Education, Science and Culture
Education
Structure of Student Enrollment
College and University Students	0.4	1.2	1.5	4.9
Secondary School Students	31.1	28.7	32.8	42.9
Primary School Students	68.5	70.1	65.7	52.2
Full-time Teachers by Type
College and Universities	2.4	4.2	3.9	6.3
Secondary Schools	37.6	36.6	40.3	43.9
Primary Schools	60.0	59.2	55.8	49.8
Science and Technology
Structure of Funding for Scientific and
Technological Outlay
Government Fund			26.2	24.3
Enterprises Fund			44.6	59.4
Loans from Banks			13.1	7.5
Structure of Internal Expenditures on Scientific
and Technological Activities
Service Fees			19.9	24.1
Purchases of Fixed Assets			27.5	27.3
Research and Development Expenses			45.2	49.3

People's Livelihood and Environment
People's Livelihood
Consumption Structure of Urban Residents
Food	57.5	54.5	46.6	37.1
Clothing	13.6	12.3	12.5	9.8
Articles for Daily Use and Others	}28.9	}33.2	31.5	42.4
Residence			9.4	10.7
Consumption Structure of Rural Residents
Food	67.7	54.8	55.1	45.6
Clothing	12.7	8.3	6.8	5.7
Articles for Daily Use and Others	9.3	17.2	23.7	32.8
Residence	10.3	19.7	14.4	15.9
Social Welfare
Structure of Retired and Resigned Persons
Retired Veterans		7.9	5.5	3.1
Retired Persons		88.2	91.8	95.1
Resigned Persons		3.9	2.7	1.8
Structure of Insurance Contribution and Welfare
Funds of Retired and Resigned Persons
Pensions for Retired Veterans			8.0	6.2
Pensions for Retired Persons			69.7	82.4
Resignation Allowances for Living Expenses			1.1	0.9
Expenses for Medical Care			13.6	6.2
Others			7.6	4.3
Health Care
Doctors by Types
Doctors	41.9	45.1	45.1	39.3
Nurses	16.5	24.2	27.2	26.6
Hospital Beds by Area
Hospitals at City Level	38.6	52.0	63.5	67.9
Hospitals at County Level	61.4	48.0	36.5	32.1
Environment and Disasters
Uses of Funds in Pollution Treatment
Waste Water Treatment			62.5	39.4
Waste Gas Treatment			24.7	41.5
Solid Wastes Treatment			5.4	7.3
Noise Abatement			0.7	0.5
Others			6.7	11.3
Structure of Fire Losses Converted into Cash
Extraordinarily Serious Fires			23.7	7.5
Serious Fires			14.5	8.4
Ordinary Fires			61.8	84.1
Structure of Losses of Traffic Accidents
Converted into Cash
Extraordinarily Serious Fires			12.8	10.1
Serious Fires			21.1	17.3
Ordinary Fires			66.1	72.6


a) Structure of gross output value of industry in 1997 are the data in 1998.