25-24  Exchange Rates
(MOP to one unit of foreign currency)
Items 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
　 　 　 　 　 　
Average for the Year
    Australian Dollar                                5.1574 4.6739 4.1598 4.3703 5.2271
    Euro ① 8.5277 7.4183 7.1962 7.5984 9.0696
    South Korean Won   0.0067 0.0071 0.0062 0.0065 0.0067
    Spanish Peseta② 0.0513 0.0446 0.0433  
    US Dollar 7.9918 8.0260 8.0335 8.0334 8.0214
    Taiwan Dollar  0.2477 0.2574 0.2379 0.2328 0.2332
    French Franc② 1.3000 1.1309 1.0971  
    Pound Sterling 12.9284 12.1663 11.5698 12.0766 13.104
    Hong Kong Dollar 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03
    Japanese Yen 0.0704 0.0745 0.0662 0.0643 0.0692
    Malaysian Ringgit  2.1031 2.1121 2.1141 2.1141 2.1109
    New Zealand Dollar 4.2315 3.6684 3.3813 3.7306 4.6671
    Portuguese Escudo② 0.0425 0.0370 0.0359  
    Deutsche Mark② 4.3601 3.7929 3.6794  
    P.R. China Renminbi 0.9654 0.9695 0.9706 0.9706 0.9691
    Singapore Dollar 4.7160 4.6553 4.4867 4.4893 4.6034
    Swiss Franc 5.3278 4.7590 4.7638 5.1812 5.9632
As at End of Year
    Australian Dollar                                5.2096 4.4888 4.1020 4.5470 5.9869
    Euro ① 8.0489 7.5665 7.0936 8.4164 10.0413
    South Korean Won  0.0070 0.0064 0.0061 0.0068 0.0067
    Spanish Peseta② 0.0484 0.0455 0.0426
    US Dollar 8.0049 8.0337 8.0313 8.0328 7.9969
    Taiwan Dollar  0.2546 0.2426 0.2290 0.2312 0.2351
    French Franc② 1.2271 1.1535 1.0814
    Pound Sterling 12.9559 11.9951 11.6398 12.8810 14.2269
    Hong Kong Dollar 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03
    Japanese Yen 0.0782 0.0702 0.0611 0.0678 0.0747
    Malaysian Ringgit  2.1066 2.1141 2.1135 2.1139 2.1044
    New Zealand Dollar 4.1682 3.5629 3.3350 4.2333 5.2388
    Portuguese Escudo② 0.0401 0.0377 0.0354
    Deutsche Mark② 4.1153 3.8688 3.6269
    P.R. China Renminbi  0.9669 0.9706 0.9704 0.9705 0.9662
    Singapore Dollar 4.8054 4.6344 4.3402 4.6331 4.6963
    Swiss Franc 5.0165 4.9865 4.7942 5.7900 6.4395
　 　 　 　 　 　
Notes: Pataca (MOP) is the legal tender in the Macao Special Administrative Region, as stated in "The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative 
          Region of the People's Republic of China". Foreign currency refers to any currency other than the Pataca. Accordingly P.R. China Renminbi is 
          also treated as foreign currency.        
          ①Quotations before 1/1/1999 referred to the ECU of the European Union.
          ②On 1/1/2002, the Euro banknotes and coins were introduced to the Euro zone where member states gradually discontinued
              the circulations of their original currencies