Brief Introduction

Statistics in this chapter reflect the basic information on scientific and technological activities and innovation activities of enterprises in China.

I. Main Contents

Data on research and experimental development (R&D) activities of the whole society, industrial corporate units above designated size, scientific and technological institutions under the government and institutions of higher education; data on innovation activities of industrial corporate units above designated size; data on domestic and foreign patents application accepted and granted；data on  research and experimental development activities of high-technology industry (manufacturing industry) enterprises; data on scientific and technological papers; data on import and export trade of high-technological products; data on technological markets transactions; main economic indicators of enterprises in high-tech development zones; data on the scientific and technological activities in the system of associations for science and technology; data on comprehensive technical service departments’ operation institutions and activities, such as surveying and mapping, earthquake, meteorology, and product quality supervision.

Ⅱ.Scope of Statistics

Data on scientific and technological activities cover research and experimental development (R&D) activities of enterprises and institutions of whole society, mainly including industrial corporate units, scientific research and technological development institutions and scientific and technological information and literature institutions of prefecture level and above under the government with independent accounting, full-time universities and colleges, affiliated hospitals, and enterprises and institutions engaged in R&D activities in relatively R&D-intensive industries (such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, construction, transport, storage and post, information transmission, software and information technology service, finance, leasing and business services, scientific research and technical services, management of water conservancy, environment and public facilities, health and social service, culture, sports and entertainment). Data on innovation activities cover industrial corporate units above designated size.

Ⅲ.Sources of Data

National Bureau of Statistics provides national comprehensive data on the basis of comprehensive reporting forms of science and technology; data on scientific and technological activities of industrial corporate units, and non-industrial corporate units (including construction, transport, storage and post, information transmission, information technology service, leasing and business services, scientific research and technical services, management of water conservancy, environment and public facilities, health and social service, culture, sports and entertainment) based on reporting forms of enterprises’(units’) R&D activities. National Bureau of Statistics is responsible for providing estimation on enterprises and institutions in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, finance based on recent surveys. Data on innovation activities of industrial corporate units above designated size is also from the National Bureau of Statistics based on business innovation survey. Ministry of Science and Technology and State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense provide information on scientific and technological institutions under the government; Ministry of Science and Technology provides information on R&D activities of scientific research and technical service enterprises and institutions, scientific and technological papers； Ministry of Industry and Information Technology provides information on technological markets and enterprises in high-tech development zones; Ministry of Education provides information on scientific and technological activities in institutions of higher education; General Administration of Customs provides information on import and export trade of high-technological products; China Association for Science and Technology provides data on the scientific and technological activities of associations for science and technology; State Intellectual Property Office, Ministry of Natural Resources, China Earthquake Administration, China Meteorological Administration, State Administration for Market Regulation respectively provide data on patents, surveying and mapping, earthquake, meteorology and product quality supervision.

Ⅳ.Statistical Methodology

Data on R&D activities are collected through complete surveys. Data on innovation activities are collected through complete survey. Data on scientific and technological associations, patents, surveying and mapping, earthquake, meteorology and product quality supervision are collected through sample surveys and other surveys.