Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)  reflects the total value of goods produced and services provided by the Macao Special Administrative Region in a year. GDP estimates in this statistical yearbook are compiled under both the expenditure and the production approaches. The expenditure-based GDP is measured as the sum of household consumption expenditure; government final consumption expenditure; gross fixed capital formation; changes in inventories; and net exports (exports less imports) of goods and services. The production-based GDP, which is measured as the sum of gross value added of all economic activities, can be used to evaluate the industrial structure of Macao.

Infant Mortality Rate  Number of infants died under one year old per 1,000 live births within the reference period.

Crude Birth Rate  Live births per 1,000 population within the reference period.

Crude Mortality Rate  Deaths per 1,000 population within the reference period.

Pre-primary, Primary and Secondary Education  Refers to systematic education designed and intended for children and young people by which they may progress from pre-primary through secondary education; secondary education also covers vocational-technical education.

Pre-primary Education  Has a duration of 3 years and  designated for children aged 3-5 years old. Children reaching 3 years old as at 31st December of the enrolment year are eligible to the first year of pre-primary education.

Primary Education  Has a duration of 6 years. Children completing pre-primary education or reaching 6 years old as at 31st December of the enrolment year are eligible to the first year of primary education. The maximum age of attending primary education is 15.

Secondary Education  Comprises 2 stages, viz. junior secondary and senior secondary. Pre-university course is not considered as secondary education.

(1)Junior secondary education has a duration of 3 years. Students completing primary education are eligible. The maximum age for this level is 18; however, under special circumstances, schools can accept enrolment outside this age limit.

(2)Senior secondary education has a duration of 3 years. Students completing junior secondary are eligible. The maximum age for this level is 21; however, under special circumstances, schools can accept enrolment outside this age limit.

Higher Education  Refers to instruction by theory, practice and the like in science, culture and technology; it includes university education and post-secondary education providing associate degree or diploma programmes.

Economically Active Population   Individuals aged 16 and above who are available to participate in the production of goods and/or services during the reference period. It comprises the employed and unemployed.

Employed Population  Individuals aged 16 and above who work for pay, profit or family gain for at least 1 hour during the reference period, including employees who are absent from work but have formal job attachment to employer, as well as company owners or shareholders who are temporary away from work because of particular reason.

Unemployed Population  Individuals aged 16 and above who do not have a job or formal job attachment during the reference period, are available to work for pay or to start own business, and have sought work during the last 30 days.

Underemployed Population  Irrespective of status in employment, employed persons who work involuntarily for less than 35 hours during the reference period, and are available to take on additional work or looking for extra work.

Labour Force Participation Rate  The percentage share of economically active population (labour force) to the population aged 16 and above.

Unemployment Rate  The percentage share of the unemployed to the labour force.

Underemployment Rate  The percentage share of the underemployed to the labour force.

Visitor  Any person taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose other than to be employed by a resident entity in the place visited (i.e. Macao Special Administrative Region).

Occupancy Rate of Hotels  The percentage share of occupied rooms to the total number of available rooms of the hotel sector.

Imports  Entry of foreign produced merchandise to Macao, excluding re-imports and transit.

Exports  Merchandise transported out of Macao, excluding temporary exports and transit goods.

Domestic Exports  Transport of Macao produced merchandise out of Macao.

Re-exports  Transport of merchandise previously imported out of Macao, without processing; even with processing, is not qualified to use Macao as the origin of the merchandise.

Transit  Merchandise passing by Macao to the next destination.

Country of Origin  Country or territory where the crops are grown, minerals are mined and products are manufactured. If a production process is carried out in two or more countries or territories, the origin will be the country or territory where the processing of the merchandise takes its final form. Repacking, sorting or mixing is not considered as the final phase of processing. When a country has specific rules regarding the country of origin on merchandise imports, those rules shall prevail.

Country of Destination  The final country or territory where the goods are delivered, irrespective of interruption during transportation. As far as no commercial exchange has taken place in the transit country or territory, the final country or territory arrived is considered as the destination.

Terms of Trade Index  Ratio of the unit value index of exports of goods to that of imports of goods.

Building Unit  Including residential, shop, office and industrial units, parking spaces, hotel and other units.

Gross Floor Area  The sum of the area of each floor of the building, measured to the outer surface of the outer walls including the area of lobbies, stairs, lift landings and communal space.

Consumer Price Index  reflects the price change of a representative “basket” of goods and services consumed by households of Macao at different periods.

Money Supply (M₁)  refers to the sum of currency in circulation and demand deposits.

Money Supply (M₂)  refers to the sum of money supply (M₁) and quasi-monetary liabilities; the latter consist of savings deposits, notice deposits, time deposits, other deposits and certificates of deposit.

Financial Transactions  comprise financial assets and financial liabilities.