Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Industry refers to the material production sector which is
engaged in the extraction of natural resources and processing and reprocessing
of minerals and agricultural products, including (1) extraction of natural resources,
such as mining, salt production (but not including hunting and fishing); (2)
processing and reprocessing of farm and sideline produces, such as grain and
oil processing, food processing, silk reeling, spinning and weaving and leather
making; (3) processing and reprocessing of mineral products, such as steel
making, iron smelting, chemicals manufacturing, petroleum processing, machine
building, timber processing, and production and supply of electricity, gas and water;
(4) repairing and renovating of industrial products such as the machinery.
In industrial surveys, the
units of enquiry are industrial corporate units.
Industrial corporate units
refer to corporate units engaging in industrial production and operation activities,
which meet the following requirements: (1) They are established legally, having
their own names, organizations, location, and are able to take civil liability
independently; (2) They possess (or are authorized to use) assets
independently, assume liabilities and are entitled to sign contracts with other
units; (3) They have accounts including the balance sheets or can compile the accounts
according to the need.
State-holding
Enterprises cover the
original state-owned enterprises and state-holding enterprises. They are
classified according to the actual investment made by the contribor
of state-owned part in the paid-in capital of the enterprises, or the degree of
control or dominance of the contributor on the assets of the enterprises. The
following cases are regarded as state-holding: (1) Absolute state-holding in
which the contribors of state-owned parts possess
more than 50% of all the paid-in capital (stocks) of the enterprises; (2)
Relative state-holding in which the contribors of state-owned
parts possess no more than 50% of the paid-in capital (stocks) of the
enterprises, but more than that of any other contributors; or Agreed state-holding
in which the contribors of state-owned parts possess
no more than other contributors but have actual control over the enterprises according
to agreements; (3) In the case both contributors possess 50% and it is not
clear which one is in absolute holding position, the enterprise is regarded as
state-holding enterprise if one of the contributor has state-owned elements.
For
explanation of types of registration covered in this chapter, please refer to
General Survey.
Total Assets refer to all resources that are owned or controlled by
enterprises through previous trades or transactions with expectation of making
economic profits. Classified by the degree of liquidity, total assets include current
assets and non-current assets. Current assets can be classified into monetary
capital, trading financial assets, notes receivable, accounts receivable,
advanced payments, other receivables and inventories. Non-current assets can be
divided into long-term equity investment, fixed assets, intangible assets and
other non-current assets. Data on this indicator can be obtained from the
year-end figures of total assets in the Balance Sheet of accounting
records.
Total Current
Assets refer to the assets that meet one of the following
requirements: (1) expected to be cashed, sold or used in a normal operation
cycle, mainly including inventory and accounts receivable; (2) be owned for
trading purpose mainly; (3) expected to be cashed in one year (including one
year) from the day of the Balance Sheet; (4) unlimited cash or cash equivalents that can be exchanged with
other assets or being capable of settling debts during one year since the day
of the Balance Sheet. Included are monetary capital, notes
receivable, accounts receivable and inventories. Data on this indicator can be
obtained from the year-end figures of total current assets in the Balance
Sheet of accounting records.
Total Liabilities refer to payable liabilities of enterprises that accumulated
from previous trades or transactions with expectation of economic profits
leaking out. In terms of payment, it can be divided into liquid liabilities and
long-term liabilities. Data on this indicator can be obtained from the year-end
figures of total liabilities in the Balance Sheet of accounting records.
Total Equity refers to the residual ownership of enterprise investors
by deducting total liabilities from the total assets, including the paid-in
capital, accumulation of capital, operating surplus and non-distributed
profits. Data can be obtained from the year-end figures of total equity in the Balance
Sheet of accounting records.
Revenue from
Principal Business refers to the income confirmed of an enterprise from the
principal business of selling products and providing labor
services. Data on this indicator can be obtained from the year-end credit
balance of “revenue from principal business” in the accounting record of
enterprise (before carryover).
Cost of Principal
Business refers to the total cost occurred from the principal business
of the enterprise. Data can be obtained from the year-end debit balance of “cost
of principal business” in the accounting record of enterprise (before
carryover).
Tax and Extra Charges
from Principal Business refer to the sales tax, consumption tax, urban
maintenance and construction tax and education expenses shouldered by the
enterprise from its principal business. Data are obtained from the year-end debit
balance of “tax and extra charges from principal business” in the accounting
record of enterprise (before carryover).
Total Profits refers to the operation results in a certain accounting
period, and it is the balance of various incomes minus various spendings in the course of operation, reflecting the total
profits and losses of enterprises in reference period. Data are obtained from
the amount of total profits in the profit statement of the accounting record of
enterprise.
Value-added Tax Payable refers to the payable tax according to Tax Law of
enterprises which engaged in selling goods or providing services that bring
added value to the goods, such as processing, repairing, fitting and other
activities. The formula is as follows:
Value-added Tax Payable =
tax on sales-(tax on purchase-transferred tax on purchase)-exports deduct tax
payable on domestic sales-tax relief+the export tax
rebate.
Tax on Purchase refers to
the value-added tax payable by enterprises that purchase goods or receive
taxable services during the reference period and this part of the tax is
allowed to be deducted from the tax on sales.
Tax on Sales refers to the
value-added tax chargeable by enterprises that sell goods or provide taxable
services during the reference period.
Ratio of
Profits, Taxes and Interests to Average Assets
reflects the
profit-making capability of all assets, manifests the performance and
management of the enterprise, and is a key indicator for evaluating the
profit-making potential of the enterprise. It is calculated as follows:
In the above formula, total
taxes is the sum of tax and extra charges on the principal business and
value-added tax payable; and average assets is the arithmetic mean of the sum
of beginning assets and ending assets.
Ratio of Debts
to Assets reflects both the operation risk and the capability of the
enterprise in making use of the capital from the creditors. It is calculated as
follows:
Both assets and debts are
figures at the end of the reference period.
Turnover of Current
Assets refers to the number of times of turnover of current
assets in a given period of time, which reflects the speed of the turnover of current
assets of industrial enterprises, and is calculated as follows:
In the above formula,
average balance of total current assets refers to the arithmetic mean of the
sum of current assets at the beginning and at the end of the reference period.
Ratio of Profits
to Total Industrial Costs reflects the economic efficiency of input cost and cost
reduction. It is calculated as follows:
Total costs in the above
formula are the sum of cost of principal business, marketing cost, management
cost and financial cost.
Per Capita Revenue
from Principal Business reflects the output efficiency of labour input of
enterprises. It is calculated
as follows:
