Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Gross Output
Value of Agriculture,
Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery refers to the total value of products of agriculture,
forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and total value of services in support
of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery activities. It reflects
the total scale and results of agricultural production during a given period.
Prior to 1957,
Gross output value of
agriculture is obtained by multiplying the output of each product or by-product
by its price, resulting in the output value of each single item. For a small
number of products, annual output of which is not available or difficult to get
due to the long production (growing) process involved, the output value is
estimated through an indirect approach. The sum of output values of all
products of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and services in
support to those industries is then equal to the gross output value of
agriculture.
Grain Output refers to the total output of grains produced by
agricultural producers within a calendar year. It includes summer grain, early
rice and autumn grain if classified by harvest seasons; it covers cereal, tubers
and beans if classified by type of crops. Output of cereal should be limited to
husked grain only. Output of beans refers to dry beans without pods. The output
of tubers (sweet potatoes and potatoes, not including taros and cassava) are
converted into that of grain at the ratio 4:1, i.e. 4 kilograms of fresh tubers
were equivalent to 1 kilogram of grain up to 1963. Since 1964 the ratio for
conversion has been 5:1, and Starting from 2014, the ratio for conversion has
been 1:1. Tubers supplied as vegetables (such as potatoes) in cities and
suburbs are calculated as fresh vegetables and their output is not included in
the output of grain. Data on grain production before 1989 were obtained through
the Comprehensive Statistical Reporting System. Since 1989, data from sample
surveys are used.
Cotton Output refers to cotton production in the whole country
including cotton planted in spring and in autumn. Output is measured as the
weight of ginned cotton. Ceiba is not included.
Output of
Oil-bearing Crops refers to the total production of oil-bearing crops of
various kinds, including peanuts (dry, in shell), rapeseeds, sesame, sunflower
seeds, flax seeds, and other oil-bearing crops. Soybeans, oil-bearing woody
plants, and wild oil-bearing crops are not included.
Output of
Aquatic Products refers to final output actually yielded from fishing
production (fishery and breeding), including all output of marine and
freshwater fish, crustaceans (shrimps, crabs), shellfish, cephalopod, seaweed
and other fishery products. Data on output of aquatic products are reported by
aquatic product and statistical agencies level by level. Before 1995, among the
shellfish, oyster was counted as fresh meat; 5 kilograms of ark shell, clams
and frogs are equivalent to 1 kilogram of fresh aquatic products; they have all
been counted as fresh aquatic products since 1996.
Output of Pork, Beef, and Mutton refers to the meat of slaughtered hogs, cattle, sheep
and goats with head, feet, and offal taken away. Data refers to the production
of the whole country. Before 1996, it was a comprehensive reporting from the
lower level to the upper one. The First Agricultural Census of China in 1996
revealed some discrepancy between the production of animal products from the
annual reports and that from the census. Efforts were made to adjust the output
value of animal husbandry to make the figures from the annual reports
consistent with the census data. Since 1999, the NBS conducted sample surveys
for the major animal husbandry products, such as hogs, cattle, sheep and goats
and fowls, and the data from sample surveys are used as national finalized
data. Those products, which are not covered by the sample survey, are still
reported by statistical agencies level by level. In 2007, the data on animal
husbandry from 2000 to 2006 were revised according to the results of the Second
Agriculture Census of China. In 2008, A Monitoring and Survey Program was set
up on main livestock, the data on the main livestock such as hog, cattle, sheep
and poultry became the official data based on the sampling survey.
Number of
Livestock or Poultry in Stock at Beginning (or End) of Period refers
to the total number of large animals, pigs, sheep, fowls, etc. raised by rural
cooperative organizations, State farms, rural individuals, government agencies,
schools, industrial and mining enterprises, army, and urban residents at the
beginning (or end) of the reference period. Data reporting system and data
adjustment are the same as that in the output of pork, beef and mutton.
Sown Area of Crops refers to area of all land (cultivated or non-cultivated
area) sown or transplanted with crops that are harvested within the calendar
year by agricultural producers. All crops harvested within the year are counted
as sown area, regardless of being sown in this year or the previous year. Crops
sown this year but will be harvested in the coming year are excluded.
Effective Irrigated
Area refers to area of land that are
effectively irrigated, i.e. relatively level land, where there are water
sources or complete sets of irrigation facilities to lift and move adequate
water for irrigation purpose under normal conditions. Under normal situations,
irrigated area is the sum of watered fields and irrigated fields where
irrigation systems or equipment have been installed for regular irrigation
purpose. It is an important indicator to reflect the farmland water conservancy
construction in
Consumption of
Chemical Fertilizers in Agriculture refers to the quantity of chemical fertilizers applied
in agriculture in the year, including nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate
fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and compound fertilizer. The consumption of
chemical fertilizers is calculated in terms of volume of effective components
by means of converting the gross weight of the respective fertilizers into
weight containing effective component (e.g. nitrogen content in nitrogenous
fertilizer, phosphorous pentoxide contents in
phosphate fertilizer, and potassium oxide contents in potash fertilizer).
Compound fertilizer is converted in regard to its major components. The formula
is:
Volume of effective
component= physical quantity× effective component of
certain chemical fertilizer (%)
Total Power of
Agricultural Machinery
refers to the total rated capacity of all agricultural
machinery. Agricultural machinery refers to the machineries and equipments
which are used for activities of planting, animal husbandry, fishery,
primary processing of agricultural products, agricultural transport and infrastructure
construction of farmland. Total power of agricultural machinery is grouped into
four parts according to the energy used:
Diesel engine power refers
to the total rated capacity of all diesel engines.
Gasoline engine power refers
to the total rated capacity of all gasoline engines.
Motor power refers to the
total rated capacity of all motors (include submersible pump motors).
Other mechanical powers
refer to the total mechanical capacity of the sources of energy besides diesel,
gasoline and motor power, such as hydro power, wind power, coal and solar
energy.
Data are mainly from
agricultural machinery agencies.