Explanatory
Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Ⅰ. Integrated Urban and Rural
Households Survey on Income and Expenditures and Living Conditions
Since the
fourth quarter of 2012, the NBS has launched its reform on the household survey
programme, to form an integrated survey, instead of the two separate urban and
rural household surveys. The reform regulates the division of urban and rural
areas, integrates the concepts, classifications and standards, conducts the
integrated household survey, and collects household data in the whole country
thereafter.
1. Disposable Income of Households
Disposable
Income of Households refers to the income of households for purpose of final
expenditure and savings. It includes income both in cash and in kind. By
sources of income, disposable income includes four categories: income from
wages and salaries, net business income, net income from properties and
net income from transfer.
Income from Wages and Salaries refers to
remuneration of labour and salaries from all kinds of sources, including those
employed by other units or individuals, freelance work, part-time jobs, and
sporadic labour.
Net Business Income refers to net income earned by households and their members engaged in
production and business activities. It refers to the net income of operating revenue minus operating costs,
depreciation of productive fixed assets, and production tax. The formula is:
Net Business Income=Operating Revenue-Operating
Costs-Depreciation of Productive Fixed Assets-Production Tax
Net Income from Properties refers to
the net income received as returns by households or members of financial
assets, non-financial assets such as housing, to other institutions, households
or individuals, and minus relevant costs. Net income from properties includes
net income of interest, bonus income, net income of saving insurance, net
income of rents of transferring management right of contract land, income of
renting housing, income of renting other assets, net converted rents of
self-owned housing. Net income from properties do not include premium of
transferring ownership of assets.
Net Income from Transfer The formula is:
Net Income from
Transfer=Income from Transfers-Expenditure from Transfer
Income from Transfer refers to
the regular transfer from country, institutions, social communities to
households and between households. It includes old-age and retirement pension,
disaster relief funds, regular donation and compensation, applying for medical
fees, supporting income between households, income from non-usual-residing
members of households, etc. Income from transfer do
not include presents in kinds between households.
Expenditure from Transfer refers to regular or deontic transfer from
households to country, institutions, households or individuals. It includes
taxes paid, expenditure of all kinds of social security, supporting
expenditure, regular donation and compensation and other regular transfer
expenditure, etc.
2.
Consumption Expenditure of Households
Consumption Expenditure of Households refers to
all expenditure of households for living expenditure to satisfy family daily
living. It includes expenditure in cash and in kind. It includes eight
categories: food, tobacco and liquor; clothing; residence; household
facilities, articles and services; transport and communications; education, cultural and recreational activities;
health care and medical services, and miscellaneous goods and services.
Food,
Tobacco and Liquor refers to expenditure for food, tobacco and liquor of all kinds.
Clothing
refers to expenditure related to clothing,
including clothes, clothing materials, footwear, other clothing and
accessories, processing services related to clothing.
Residence
refers to expenditure related to residence,
including housing rents, water, electricity, fuel, property management, and
including converted self-owned housing rents.
Household
Facilities, Articles and Services refers to expenditure for family and individual articles for living purpose
and family services. It includes furniture and interior decoration, home
appliances, home textiles, household miscellaneous daily articles, personal
articles, and family services.
Transport
and Communications refers to expenditure for transport and communication and related services,
maintenance and repairs, and vehicle insurance.
Education, Cultural and Recreational Activities refers to expenditure on education, cultural and
recreational activities.
Health Care and Medical Services refers to expenditure on drugs, supplies and services of medical and health
care. It includes medical appliances and drugs, and medical services.
Miscellaneous
Goods and Services refers to expenditure of all kinds of expenditure of other articles and
services that can not divided into the category above.
II. Urban and Rural Households Survey
Prior to 2012, household surveys in
1. Urban Household Survey
Population of Urban Households refer to members of households living and sharing
economically together in the urban areas. All the income and expenditure of all
the members of such households are included in the income and expenditure of
the household.
Proportion of Urban
Employment refers to the
proportion of employed population to the population of urban households.
Number of Dependents per Urban
Employee refers to the ratio between number of persons in an urban household and the
number of employed persons.
Total Income of Urban Households refers to the sum of wage income; net business income; income from properties;
and income from transfers of members of the households. Income from selling of
properties and income from borrowing are not included.
Disposable Income of Urban Households refers to the actual income at the disposal of members of the households which
can be used for final consumption, other non-compulsory expenditure and
savings. This equals to total income minus income tax, personal contribution to
social security and subsidy for keeping diaries in being a sample household.
The following formula is used:
Disposable Income of Urban Households=
total household income - income tax - personal contribution to social security
- subsidy for keeping diaries for a sampled household
Total Expenditure of Urban Households refers to
all actual expenditure of households except expenditure on lending. It includes
cash expenditure; property expenditure, transfer expenditure, social insurance
expenditure and expenditure on house purchasing or house building.
Consumption Expenditure of Urban
Households in Cash refers to total cash expenditure of
households for consumption in daily life, including expenditure on the
eight categories of food; clothing; housing; household appliances; transport
and communications; education, cultural and recreational activities and medical
care.
Consumption Expenditure of Urban
Households on Services refers to non-commodity service
expenditure of households on various kinds of cultural and living activities
provided by society.
Urban Households by Income Group All households in the
sample are grouped, by per capita disposable income of the household, into
groups of low income, lower middle income, middle income, upper middle income, high income, each group consisting of 20%, 20%, 20%, 20%,
and 20% of all households respectively.
2. Rural Households
Rural Households refer to
usual resident households in rural areas. Usual resident households in rural
areas are households residing on a long term basis(for more than one year) in
the areas under the administration of township governments (not including
county towns), and in the areas under the administration of villages in county
towns. Households residing in the current addresses for over one year with
their household registration in other places are still considered as resident
households of the locality. For households with their household registration in
one place but all members of the households having moved away to make a living
in another place for over one year, they will not be included in the rural
households of the area where they are registered, irrespective of whether they
still keep their contracted land.
Usual Resident Population refers to persons staying at home regularly or for over 6 months during a year
and integrated with the household economically and in terms of living. Members
of the household staying away from the household for over 6 months but keeping
a close economic relation with the household by sending the majority of income
to the household are regarded as usual resident of the household. Government
staff and workers or retirees living as close members of the household are also
considered as usual resident. However, servicemen, students of secondary
technical schools or schools of higher education and persons with stable jobs
and residence outside the household (excluding those visiting relatives or
seeking medical service) are not included as resident population of the
household. Resident population is used in calculating income, consumption,
accumulation on per capita basis of rural households and in analyzing
composition of rural households.
Total Income refers to the sum of income earned from various sources by the
rural households and their members during the reference period, and is
classified as income from wages and salaries, income from household operations,
income from properties and income from transfers.
Income from Wages and Salaries refers to
income from labour earned by the members of rural households employed by other
units or individuals.
Income from Household Operations refers to
income by the rural households as units of production and operation. Operations
by rural households are classified according to their economic activities
namely agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, manufacturing,
construction, transportation, post and telecommunications, wholesale, retail
and catering, social service, culture, education, health, and other household
operations.
Income from Properties refers to
the income received as returns by owners of financial assets or tangible
non-productive assets by providing capitals or tangible non-productive assets
to other institutional units.
Income from Transfers refers to
the receipt by rural households and their members of goods, services, capital
or rights of assets without giving or repaying accordingly, excluding capital
provided to them for the formation of fixed assets. In general, it refers to
all income received by rural households through redistribution.
Cash Income refers to
income received by rural households and their members in the form of cash
during the reference period. It is classified, by source of income, into income
from wages and salaries, cash income from household operations, income
from properties and income from transfers.
Net Income of Rural Households refers to the total income of rural households from all sources minus all
corresponding expenses. The formula for calculation is as follows:
Net income of rural households = total income -
household operation expenses - taxes and fees-depreciation of fixed assets for
production - gifts to rural relatives.
Net income is mainly used as input for
reinvestment in production and as consumption expenditure of the year, and also
used for savings and non-compulsory expenses of various forms. "Per capita net income of
farmers" is the level of net income averaged by population, reflecting the
average income level of rural population in a given area.
Total Expenditure
refers to total expenses of rural households on production, consumption and
redistribution, including expenditure on household operations; purchase of
productive fixed assets; taxes and fees; consumption expenditure; expenses on
properties; and expenses on transfers.