Brief Introduction

Data in this chapter provide summary data of China’s foreign trade, utilization of foreign capital, overseas direct investment, contracted projects and labour cooperation with foreign countries or territories over the years, focusing on the recent situation of foreign trade and economic cooperation.

I. Trade in Goods

Data on foreign trade include: varieties of imports and exports, amount (weight), value, countries (regions), imports and exports corporations, destination within territory, origin of goods within territory, mode of trade, types of tariffs and so on.

The scope of foreign trade statistics are designed according to United Nations’ principles on international trade statistics, that is: all imports or exports that will lead to stock changes of material resources with the territory of People’s Republic of China; excluding goods by escape clause.

Sources of data on foreign trade are from the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China through a comprehensive reporting system.

Customs statistics in value terms for both imports and exports are compiled according to the classifications of UN Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). The list of import and export commodities is compiled based on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) stipulated by the Customs Cooperation Council （World Customs Organization） and China’s reality of imports and exports.

In the table on China’s total imports and exports with related countries and regions, the export commodities are calculated at the Customs of the countries (regions) of destination and the import commodities are calculated at the Customs of the countries (regions) of origin. The total values of the import and export commodities by region are calculated respectively at the provinces where the import or export corporations are situated and at the provinces of destination or provinces of origin within the border of the People’s Republic of China. The province where the import or export corporations are situated refers to the province where the import or export corporations have applied to and have been registered at the Customs. The province of origin within the border of the Peoples Republic of China refers to the province where the export commodities are produced or originally delivered. The province of destination within the border of the People’s Republic of China refers to the province where the import commodities are consumed, used or transported to the destination.

II. Trade in Services

Statistics on trade in services is compiled according to Balance of Payments (BOP) and does not include services of government. Data on trade in services are from the Ministry of Commerce.

III. Statistics on Utilization of Foreign Capitals

Utilization of foreign capitals includes: foreign direct investments and other foreign investments, and the basic condition of registration of foreign funded enterprises.

The statistics cover all the units and departments which have utilized foreign capitals, all the Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises, ventures exclusively with foreign investment, foreign-funded stock companies, Sino-foreign cooperative development projects (including the enterprises funded by the entrepreneurs from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) with independent accounting system and legal person status, and all foreign enterprises or enterprises funded by the entrepreneurs from Hong Kong Macao and Taiwan which engaged in business activities, and branches of foreign companies which have been approved to be set up within the boundaries of the People’s Republic of China after verification and registration through administrative authorities for industry and commerce.

Data on utilization of foreign capitals are from Ministry of Commerce, of which, data on basic condition of registration of foreign funded enterprises are from State Administration for Industry and Commerce through comprehensive reporting system.

Special notice: data on utilization of foreign capitals before 1985 were survey results from governmental statistical agencies, since 1986 all data are from Ministry of Commerce (formerly MOFTEC). Data on utilization of foreign capitals before 2000 include foreign loans.

IV. Overseas Direct Investment

Overseas direct investment includes: basic situation of domestic investors and overseas enterprises, investment, earnings and their distribution between domestic and overseas invested enterprises, import and export of commodities through overseas enterprises, approval of overseas enterprises.

Statistics cover all types of overseas corporate and non-corporate enterprises by direct investment of domestic investors.

Data are from Ministry of Commerce through comprehensive survey.

V. Foreign Economic Cooperation

Data on foreign economic cooperation include: contracted projects, labour services cooperation, design and consultation services, contracted volume, complete business turnover, business turnover by countries (regions) and so on.

The statistics cover contracted projects, labour services cooperation with foreign countries (regions).

The statistical unit in the scheme is the corporate enterprise engaged in contracted projects and labour services cooperation with foreign countries and has been approved by the department of commerce at various levels.

Data on foreign economic cooperation are from Ministry of Commerce through a comprehensive reporting system.

Ⅵ. Others

The information about average exchange rates of RMB yuan to US dollar, Japanese yen and Hong Kong dollar over the years comes from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange.