Brief Introduction
Data in this chapter show the development of
I. Main Content and Sources of Data
on Education
Data on education cover the situations on
education funded by government and non-government agencies, and the education
with and without academic credentials including higher education (education of
postgraduates, general higher education and adult education), secondary
education (senior and junior high schools), elementary education (primary schools),
preschool education, special education (schools for the blind, deaf-mutes and
mentally retarded) and their expenditure. The main indicators include the
number of schools, the number of students enrolled, the number of new students
enrolled, the number of graduates, the number of staff and workers, the number
of full-time teachers, sources and outlay of education funding, and education
expenditure from the State budget.
The Ministry of Education provides statistical
data on education undertakings and education funding. Data on technical
training schools are provided by Ministry of Human Resources and Social
Security.
Detailed information can be found in “Statistical
Yearbook on
II. Main Contents, Sources of Data
and Statistical Methodology on Science and Technology
Data on technology mainly include: data on
scientific and technological activities (R&D) all over the country,
including industrial enterprises, scientific and technological institutions
under the government and institutions of higher education，data on domestic and foreign patents application
accepted and granted, data on production, research and development activities
of high-tech enterprises, data on scientific and technological papers; data on
import and export trade of high-technological products; data on technological
markets; main economic indicators of high and new-tech industrial enterprises
in development zones; data on the scientific and technological activities in
the system of associations for science and technology; data on operation institutions
and activities of the polytechnic departments of meteorology, earthquake, surveying
and mapping, product quality supervision, inspection and quarantine.
Coverage of data: data on research and
development (R&D) activities of enterprises and institutions all over the
country, mainly including industrial enterprises above designated size, scientific
research and technological development institutions and scientific and
technological information and literature institutions of prefecture level and
above cities under the government with independent accounting, full-time universities
and colleges, affiliated hospitals and relatively
R&D-intensive industries (such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery,
construction, transport, storage and post, information transmission, software
and information technology service, financial intermediation, leasing and
business services, scientific research and technical services, management of
water conservancy, environment and public facilities, health and social
service, culture, sports and entertainment).
Sources of data: data on the general national information
and R&D activities of enterprises and institutions are from National Bureau
of Statistics; data on scientific and technological institutions under the government
are from Ministry of Science and Technology, and State Administration of
Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense;
data on R&D of scientific research and technical service enterprises and
institutions, scientific and technological papers, technological markets information
and high and new-tech industrial enterprises in development zones are from
Ministry of Science and Technology; data on scientific and technological
activities in institutions of higher education are from Ministry of Education;
data on import and export trade of high-technological products are from General
Administration of Customs; The
Statistical methodology: data on R&D
activities are collected through complete surveys. Data on scientific and
technological associations, surveying and mapping, meteorology, earthquake, product
quality supervision, inspection and quarantine and patent are through sample
surveys and other surveys.
Changes
of the statistical coverage of data on scientific and technological activities:
before 2000, data only included large and medium-sized industrial enterprises,
scientific research institutions under the government, and universities and
colleges. Since 2000, data have covered all society.