Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reflects the total value of goods produced and services provided by the Macao Special Administrative Region in a year. GDP estimates in this statistical yearbook are compiled under both the expenditure and the production approaches. The expenditure-based GDP is measured as the sum of household consumption expenditure; government final consumption expenditure; gross fixed capital formation; changes in inventories; and net exports (exports less imports) of goods and services. The production-based GDP, which is measured as the sum of gross value added of all economic activities, can be used to evaluate the sectoral structure of Macao.

Infant Mortality Rate Number of infants died under one year old per 1,000 live births within the reference period.

Rate of Natural Increase Difference between births and deaths per 1,000 population within the reference period.

Crude Birth Rate Live births per 1,000 population within the reference period.

Crude Mortality Rate Deaths per 1,000 population within the reference period.

Pre-primary, Primary and Secondary Education Refers to systematic education designed and intended for children and young people by which they may progress from pre-primary through secondary education; secondary education includes vocational-technical education.

Pre-primary Education Has a duration of 3 years and designated for children aged 3-5 years old. Children reaching 3 years old as at 31st December of the enrolment year are eligible to the first year of pre-primary education.

Primary Education Has a duration of 6 years. Children completing pre-primary education or reaching 6 years old as at 31st December of the enrolment year are eligible to the first year of primary education. The maximum age of attending primary education is 15.

Secondary Education Comprises 2 stages, viz. junior secondary and senior secondary. Pre-university course is also considered as secondary education.

(1)Junior secondary education has a duration of 3 years. Students completing primary education are eligible. The maximum age for this level is 18; however, under special circumstances, schools can accept enrolment outside this age limit.

(2)Senior secondary education has a duration of 3 years. Students completing junior secondary are eligible. The maximum age for this level is 21; however, under special circumstances, schools can accept enrolment outside this age limit.

Vocational Technical Education Aims to provide vocational and technical training to elementary and intermediate personnel.

Higher Education Refers to instruction by theory, practice and the like in science, culture and technology; it includes universities and institutions providing associate degree or diploma programmes.

Special Education Refers to education designed and intended for students who have special needs, such as gifted children and students with mental, sensory, corporal and communication problems, etc., to cope with their mental and physical development.

Adult Education Refers to organized and systematic learning activities outside primary, secondary or higher education, that are designed for individuals aged 15 and above.

Labour Force Individuals aged 16 or over who are available to participate in the production of goods and/or services during the reference period. It comprises the employed population and unemployed population.

Employed Population Individuals aged 16 or over who have worked at least 1 hour for pay, profits or family gains during the reference period. It also includes employees who are absent from work but maintain formal job attachment with the employer, or company owners who are not working temporarily due to specific reasons.

Unemployed Population Individuals aged 16 or over who, during the reference period, do not have a job or formal job attachment to an employer and are available to work for pay or to run own business at any time and have sought work during the last 30 days.

Underemployed Population Irrespective of status in employment, employed persons who work involuntarily for less than 35 hours during the reference period, and are available to take on additional work or looking for extra work.

Labour Force Participation Rate The percentage share of labour force to the population aged 16 or over.

Unemployment Rate The percentage share of the unemployed to the labour force.

Underemployment Rate The percentage share of the underemployed to the labour force.

Visitor Any person travelling to a place (i.e. Macao) other than that of his/her usual environment for less than a year and whose main purpose of travel is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.

Hotel Occupancy Rate of Hotel Sector The percentage share of occupied rooms to the total number of available rooms of the hotel sector.

Imports Entry of foreign produced commodities to Macao, excluding re-imports and transit.

Exports Commodities transported out of Macao, excluding temporary exports and transit goods.

Domestic Exports Transport of Macao produced commodities out of Macao.

Re-exports Transport of commodities previously imported out of Macao, without processing; even with processing, is not qualified to use Macao as the origin of the commodity.

Transit Commodities passing by Macao to the next destination.

Country of Origin Country or territory where the crops are grown, minerals are mined and products are manufactured. If a production process is carried out in two or more countries or territories, the origin will be the country or territory where the processing of the merchandise takes its final form. Repacking, sorting or mixing is not considered as the final phase of processing. When a country has specific rules regarding the country of origin on merchandise imports, those rules shall prevail.

Country of Destination The final country or territory where the goods are delivered, irrespective of interruption during transportation. As far as no commercial exchange has taken place in the transit country or territory, the final country or territory arrived is considered as the destination.

Terms of Trade Index Ratio of the unit value index of exports of goods to that of imports of goods.

Building Unit Including residential, commercial, office and industrial units, parking spaces, hotel and other units.

Gross Floor Area The sum of the area of each floor of the building, measured to the outer surface of the outer walls including the area of lobbies, stairs, lift landings and communal space.

Consumer Price Index reflects the price change of a representative “basket” of goods and services consumed by households of Macao at different periods.

Money Supply (M₁) refers to the sum of currency in circulation and demand deposits.

Money Supply (M₂) refers to the sum of money supply (M₁) and quasi-monetary liabilities; the latter consist of savings deposits, notice deposits, time deposits, other deposits and certificates of deposit.

Financial Transactions comprise financial assets and financial liabilities.