Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Divisions
of Administrative Areas refer to the division of administrative areas by the State. The relative
laws stipulate that 1) the whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; 2) provinces
and autonomous regions are further divided into autonomous prefectures,
counties, autonomous counties and cities; 3) autonomous prefectures are further
divided into counties, autonomous counties and cities; 4) counties and
autonomous counties are further divided into townships, ethnic townships and
towns; 5) municipalities directly under the Central Government and large cities
are divided into districts and counties, 6) the State shall, when necessary,
establish special administrative regions.
Average
Annual Growth Rate shows the average growth rate of social and economic development during a
longer period. It can not be directly calculated by chain based growth rate.
The relation is:
Average Annual Growth Rate = Average Speed
of Development – 1
Average speed of development is the time
series average of speed which calculated by chain based. Because the reference
bases during the different periods are not same, average speed of development
can not be calculated by the general method. Level approach and accumulative
approach for calculating average speed of development rate are applied. The
“level approach”, or the method of calculating the geometric average, is
derived by the formula of geometric average of the chain-based speeds of
development, or comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that
of the beginning year; the other is called the “accumulative approach” or the
“algebraic average”, “equation” method, which is derived by the summation of
the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the figure in the
base year. The level approach focuses on the level of the last year, while the
accumulative approach emphasizes the aggregate development in the duration.
The average annual growth rates listed in
the Yearbook are calculated by the level approach except for the growth rate of
investment in fixed assets. The base year is not listed in the duration for
which average annual growth rates are computed. For instance, the average
annual growth rate of the 43 years since 1949 is shown as the average annual
growth rate of 1950-1992 without showing the base year 1949.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification
of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is introduced starting from the
compilation of 2003 annual statistics. The revision, based on the 1994
classification, was organized by the National Bureau of Statistics taking into
consideration of the International
Standards of the Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities
(ISIC/Rev.3) of the United Nations. The new Classification
was promulgated by the National Administration of Quality Supervision,
Inspection and Quarantine on May 10, 2002. The revised version of the Industrial Classification of the National
Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is composed of 20 major divisions, 95 divisions,
396 major groups and 913 groups, of which
4 major divisions, 3 divisions, 28 major groups and 67 groups are new
respectively.
Registration
Status of Enterprises (Units) Enterprises are
classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded enterprises, enterprises
with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and enterprises with foreign
investment, according to the registration status of an enterprise in industrial
and commercial administration agencies. Domestic-funded enterprises include
State-owned enterprises, collective-owned enterprises, cooperative enterprises,
joint ownership enterprises, limited liability corporations, share-holding
corporations Ltd., private enterprises and other enterprises. Included in the
enterprises with investment from Hong Kong,
State-owned
Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units
where the entire assets are owned by the State and which have been registered
in accordance with the Regulation of the
People’s Republic of
Collective-owned
Enterprises refer to economic units where the assets are owned collectively and which
have been registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the People’s Republic of
Cooperative
Enterprises refer to a form of collective
economic units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their
shares, with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production
is organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for
profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution
system that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according
to capital share.
Joint
Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units
established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of
the same or different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of
voluntary participation, equality, and mutual benefits. They include State
joint ownership enterprises; collective joint ownership enterprises; joint
State-collective enterprises; and other joint ownership enterprises.
Limited
Liability Corporations refer to economic units established with investment from 2-50 investors
and registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of
Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation
depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to
its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations
include solely State-funded limited liability corporations and other limited
liability corporations.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to
economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of
Registration of Corporations, with total registered capital divided into
equal shares and raised through issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited
liability to the corporation depending on the holding of shares, and the
corporation bears liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.
Private
Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units invested and established by natural
persons, or controlled by natural persons using employed labour.
Included in this category are private limited liability corporations, private
share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership enterprises and
private-funded enterprises registered in accordance with the Company Law, the Law on Partnership Business
and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises.
Other
Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to
domestic-funded economic units other than those mentioned above.
Joint
Venture Enterprises(Funds are from
Cooperative
Enterprises(Funds are from
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Investment from
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the
approval from the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in
line with relevant State regulations, where the share of investment from Hong
Kong, Macao or Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the total registered capital
of the corporation. In case the share of investment from
Other
Enterprises with Funds From Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan refer to partnership enterprises with investments from
Joint
Venture Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of
Cooperative
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of China in accordance with the Law
of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture
and other relevant laws, where the investment or provision of facilities and
the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under cooperative contracts.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment refer to enterprises established
in the mainland of
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refer to
share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the former
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in line with relevant State
regulations, where the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds 25%
of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of
foreign investment is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the
enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation
Ltd.
Other
Enterprises with Foreign Funds refer to partnership
enterprises established within the
Government
Agencies, Institutions and Social Organizations are classified into the following categories by source of funds and
manner of management taking reference of the registration status of
enterprises:
(1) Government agencies: include State and
party agencies, classified in principle as State-owned. There are exceptions,
such as supply and marketing cooperatives which are classified as
collective-owned.
(2) Institutions: include institutions of
various types established with the approval by organization and staffing
departments of the government, but exclude institutions where enterprise
management system is introduced. Institutions are further classified as
follows:
(a) Institutions for which their main
budgets are from government budget appropriations or extra-budget funds, or
allocated from the budget of their competent government agencies. Such
institutions are classified as state-owned.
(b) Institutions for which their budget
mainly come from collective units. Such institutions are classified as
collective-owned.
(c) Social institutions established by
individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as private.
(d) Institutions other than those mentioned
above for which their sources of budget are not clear. Such institutions are
classified by the manner of management.
(3) Social organizations: include social
organizations established with the approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs,
and organizations that are not covered by social organization management
regulations such as trade unions, women’s federations etc.. Social
organizations are further classified as follows:
(a) Social organizations that are not
covered by social organization management regulations of the Ministry of Civil
Affairs such as trade unions, women federations, communist youth leagues, youth
associations, industrial and commerce associations, scientist associations,
overseas Chinese associations, etc., foundations and fund management
organizations established with funds from the state, and social organizations
whose funds mainly come from the budget of their competent government agencies.
Such institutions are classified as State-owned.
(b) Social organizations for which their
budget mainly come from collective units. Such institutions are classified as collective-owned.
(c) Social organizations established by
individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as private.
(d) Social organizations other than those
mentioned above for which their sources of budget are not clear. Such
organizations are classified by the manner of management.