Brief Introduction
Data in this chapter show the development of
I.
Main Content and Sources of Data on Education
Data on education cover the situations on
education funded by government and non-government agencies, and the education
with and without academic credentials including higher education (education of
postgraduates, general higher education and adult education), secondary
education (senior and junior high schools), elementary education (primary
schools), preschool education, special education (schools for the blind,
deaf-mutes and mentally retarded) and their expenditure. The main indicators
include the number of schools, the number of students enrolled, the number of
new students enrolled, the number of graduates, the number of staff and
workers, the number of full-time teachers, sources and outlay of education
funding, and education expenditure from the State budget.
The Ministry of Education provides
statistical data on education undertakings and education funding. Data on
technical training schools are provided by Ministry of Human Resources and
Social Security.
Detailed information can be found in “Statistical Yearbook on
II.
Main Contents, Sources of Data and Statistical Methodology on Science and
Technology
Data on technology mainly include: data on
scientific and technological activities, R&D activities all over the
country, including industrial enterprises, scientific and technological
institutions under government departments, universities and colleges; data on
domestic and foreign patents application accepted and granted, data on
production, research and development activities of high-tech enterprises, data
on scientific and technological papers; data on import and export trade of
high-technological products; data on technological markets; main economic
indicators of high and new-tech industrial enterprises in development zones;
data on the number of scientific and technological personnel in state-owned
enterprises and institutions; data on the scientific and technological activities
in the system of associations for science and technology; data on operation
institutions and activities of the polytechnic departments of meteorology,
earthquake, surveying and mapping, product quality supervision, inspection and
quarantine.
Coverage of data: data on research and
development (R&D) activities of enterprises and institutions all over the
country. mainly including industrial enterprises, scientific and technological
institutions under government departments, universities and colleges and
relatively R&D-intensive industries (such as agriculture, forestry, animal
husbandry，fisher，construction, transport, storage
and post, information transmission, computer services and software, financial
intermediation, leasing and business services, scientific research, technical
service and geologic prospecting, management of water conservancy, environment
and public facilities, health, social security and social welfare, culture,
sports and entertainment).
Sources of data: data on national aggregates
and R&D activities of various enterprises and institutions are from
National Bureau of Statistics; data on scientific and technological
institutions under government departments are from Ministry of Science and
Technology, and State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for
National Defense; data on scientific research, technical service and geologic
prospecting, scientific and technological papers; technological markets and
high and new-tech industrial enterprises in development zones are from Ministry
of Science and Technology; data on scientific and technological activities in
universities and colleges are from Ministry of Education; data on import and
export trade of high-technological products are from General Administration of
Customs; Data on the number of scientific and technological personnel are from
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. The China Association for
Science and Technology provides data on the scientific and technological
activities of associations for science and technology. Data on the development
of surveying and mapping, meteorology, earthquake, product quality supervision
and patents are provided separately by the State Bureau of Surveying and
Mapping, China Meteorological Administration, China Earthquake Administration,
National Bureau of Marine Administration, General Administration of Quality
Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, and State Intellectual Property Office.
Statistical methodology: data on R&D
activities o are collected through complete surveys. Data on scientific and
technological associations, surveying and mapping, meteorology, earthquake,
product quality supervision and patent applications are through sample surveys
and other surveys.
Changes of the statistical coverage of data
on scientific and technological activities: before 2000, data only included
large and medium-sized industrial enterprises, scientific research institutions
under government departments, and universities and colleges. Since 2000
(inclusive), data have covered all industries.