Explanatory
Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Divisions of Administrative Areas refers to the division
of administrative areas by the State. The relative laws stipulate that 1) the whole
country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government; 2) provinces and autonomous regions are
further divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and
cities; 3) autonomous prefectures are further divided into counties, autonomous
counties and cities; 4) counties and autonomous counties are further divided
into townships, ethnic townships and towns; 5) municipalities directly under
the Central Government and large cities are divided into districts and
counties, 6) the State shall, when necessary, establish special administrative
regions.
Average
Annual Growth Rate shows the average growth rate of social
and economic development during a longer period. It can not be directly
calculated by chain based growth rate. The relation is:
Average
Annual Growth Rate = Average Speed of Development – 1
Average
speed of development is the time series average of speed which calculated by
chain based. Because the reference bases during the different periods are not
same, average speed of development can not be calculated by the general method.
Level approach and accumulative approach for calculating average speed of
development rate are applied. The “level approach”, or the method of calculating
the geometric average, is derived by the formula of geometric average of the
chain-based speeds of development, or comparing the level of the last year of
the interval with that of the beginning year; the other is called the
“accumulative approach” or the “algebraic average”, “equation” method, which is
derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval
divided by the figure in the base year. The level approach focuses on the level
of the last year, while the accumulative approach emphasizes the aggregate
development in the duration.
The average
annual growth rates listed in the Yearbook are calculated by the level approach
except for the growth rate of investment in fixed assets. The base year is not
listed in the duration for which average annual growth rates are computed. For
instance, the average annual growth rate of the 43 years since 1949 is shown as
the average annual growth rate of 1950-1992 without showing the base year 1949.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification of
the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is introduced starting from the
compilation of 2003 annual statistics. The revision, based on the 1994
classification, was organized by the National Bureau of Statistics taking into
consideration of the International Standards of the Industrial
Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United
Nations. The new Classification was promulgated by the National
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on May 10,
2002. The revised version of the Industrial Classification of the National
Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is composed of 20 major divisions, 95 divisions,
396 major groups and 913 groups, of which
4 major divisions, 3 divisions, 28 major groups and 67 groups are new
respectively.
Registration
Status of Enterprises Enterprises are classified into 3 categories,
namely domestic-funded enterprises, enterprises with investment from Hong Kong,
Macau and
State-owned
Enterprises refer
to non-corporation economic units where the entire assets are owned by the
State and which have been registered in accordance with the Regulation of
the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate
Enterprises. Not included from this category are solely State-funded
corporations in the limited liability corporations.
Collective-owned
Enterprises refer to economic units where the assets
are owned collectively and which have been registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of
Corporate Enterprises.
Cooperative
Enterprises refer to a form of collective
economic units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their
shares, with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production
is organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for
profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution
system that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according
to capital share.
Joint
Ownership Enterprises refer to economic
units established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate
institutions of the same or different ownership, through joint investment on
the basis of voluntary participation, equality, and mutual benefits. They
include State joint ownership enterprises; collective joint ownership
enterprises; joint State-collective enterprises; and other joint ownership
enterprises.
Limited
Liability Corporations refer to economic units established with
investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of
Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation
depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to
its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations
include solely State-funded limited liability corporations and other limited
liability corporations.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of
Corporations, with total registered capital divided into equal shares and
raised through issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the
corporation depending on the holding of shares, and the corporation bears
liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.
Private Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units
invested and established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons
using employed labour. Included in this category are private limited liability
corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership
enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered in accordance with the Company
Law, the Law on Partnership Business and Interim
Regulations on Private Enterprises .
Other
Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded economic units other than those mentioned
above.
Joint
Venture Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan are
enterprises established by investors from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with
enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the
People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures and other
relevant laws, where the establishment of the investment and the sharing of
profits and risks are stipulated under joint venture contracts.
Cooperative
Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan established by investors from Hong Kong, Macau
and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law
of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture
and other relevant laws, where the investment or provision of facilities and
the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under cooperative contracts.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations
Ltd. established with the approval from the former Ministry of Foreign Trade
and Economic Relations in line with relevant State regulations, where the share
of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the
total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of investment
from Hong Kong, Macau or
Joint
Venture Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of
China on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures and other relevant laws, where
the sharing of investment, profits and risks is stipulated under contract.
Cooperative
Enterprises with Foreign Investment
refer to
enterprises jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with
enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the
People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture and
other relevant laws, where the investment or provision of facilities and the
sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under cooperative contracts.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment
refer to enterprises established in the
mainland of
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refer to share-holding corporations Ltd.
established with the approval from the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and
Economic Relations in line with relevant State regulations, where the share of
investment from foreign investors exceeds 25% of the total registered capital
of the corporation. In case the share of foreign investment is less than 25% of
the total registered capital, the enterprise is to be classified as
domestic-funded share-holding corporation Ltd.
Government
Agencies, Institutions and Social Organizations are classified into the following
categories by source of funds and manner of management taking reference of the
registration status of enterprises:
(1)
Government agencies: include State and party agencies, classified in principle
as State-owned. There are exceptions, such as supply and marketing cooperatives
which are classified as collective-owned.
(2)
Institutions: include institutions of various types established with the
approval by organization and staffing departments of the government, but
exclude institutions where enterprise management system is introduced.
Institutions are further classified as follows:
(a)
Institutions for which their main budgets are from government budget
appropriations or extra-budget funds, or allocated from the budget of their
competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as state-owned.
(b)
Institutions for which their budget mainly come from collective units. Such
institutions are classified as collective-owned.
(c) Social
institutions established by individual or a group of citizens, which are
classified as private.
(d)
Institutions other than those mentioned above for which their sources of budget
are not clear. Such institutions are classified by the manner of management.
(3) Social
organizations: include social organizations established with the approval from
the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and organizations that are not covered by social
organization management regulations such as trade unions, women’s federations
etc.. Social organizations are further classified as follows:
(a) Social
organizations that are not covered by social organization management
regulations of the Ministry of Civil Affairs such as trade unions, women
federations, communist youth leagues, youth associations, industrial and
commerce associations, scientist associations, overseas Chinese associations,
etc., foundations and fund management organizations established with funds from
the state, and social organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of
their competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as
State-owned.
(b) Social
organizations for which their budget mainly come from collective units. Such
institutions are classified as collective-owned.
(c) Social organizations
established by individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as
private.
(d) Social
organizations other than those mentioned above for which their sources of
budget are not clear. Such organizations are classified by the manner of management.