Brief Introduction
Data in this chapter
show the development of
I. Main Content and
Sources of Data on Education
Data on education
cover the situations on education funded by government and non-government
agencies, and the education with and without academic credentials including higher
education (education of postgraduates, general higher education and adult
education), secondary education (senior and junior high schools), elementary
education (primary schools), preschool education, special education (schools
for the blind, deaf-mutes and mentally retarded) and their expenditure. The
main indicators include the number of schools, the number of students enrolled,
the number of new students enrolled, the number of graduates, the number of
staff and workers, the number of full-time teachers, sources and outlay of
education funding, and education expenditure from the State budget.
The Ministry of
Education provides statistical data on education undertakings and education
funding. Data on technical training schools are provided by Ministry of Human
Resources and Social Security.
Detailed information
can be found in “Statistical Yearbook on China’s Educational Undertakings”
compiled by Department of Planning and Development, Ministry of Education; and
the “Statistical Yearbook on National Education Funding” compiled by the
Department of Finance, Ministry of Education.
II.
Main Contents, Sources of Data and Statistical Methodology on Science and
Technology
Data on technology mainly include: data on scientific and technological activities,
R&D activities all over the country, including industrial enterprises, scientific
and technological institutions under government departments, universities and
colleges; data on domestic and foreign patents application accepted and
granted, data on production, research and development activities of high-tech enterprises,
data on scientific and technological papers; data on import and export trade of
high-technological products; data on technological markets; main economic
indicators of high and new-tech industrial enterprises in development zones;
data on the number of scientific and technological personnel in state-owned
enterprises and institutions; data on the scientific and technological
activities in the system of associations for science and technology; data on
operation institutions and activities of the polytechnic departments of meteorology,
earthquake, surveying and mapping, product quality supervision, data from the Second
National Census on R&D Resources.
Coverage of data: data on research
and development (R&D) activities of
enterprises and institutions all over the country.
mainly including industrial enterprises, scientific and technological
institutions under government departments, universities and colleges and relatively
R&D-intensive industries (such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry，fisher，construction,
transport, storage and post, information transmission, computer services and
software, financial intermediation, leasing and business services, scientific
research, technical service and geologic prospecting, management of water conservancy,
environment and public facilities, health, social security and social welfare,
culture, sports and entertainment).
Sources of data:
data on national aggregates and R&D activities of various enterprises and institutions and
data from the Second National Census on R&D Resources are from National
Bureau of Statistics; data on scientific and technological institutions under
government departments are from Ministry of Science and Technology, and State
Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense; data on scientific research, technical service and
geologic prospecting, scientific and technological papers; technological
markets and high and new-tech industrial enterprises in development zones are
from Ministry of Science and Technology; data on scientific and technological
activities in universities and colleges are from Ministry of Education; data on
import and export trade of high-technological products are from General
Administration of Customs; Data on the number of scientific and technological
personnel are from Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. The China
Association for Science and Technology provides data on the scientific and
technological activities of associations for science and technology. Data on
the development of surveying and mapping, meteorology, earthquake, product
quality supervision and patents are provided separately by the State Bureau of Surveying
and Mapping, China Meteorological
Administration, China Earthquake Administration, National
Bureau of Marine Administration, General Administration of Quality Supervision,
Inspection and Quarantine, and State Intellectual Property Office.
Statistical
methodology: data on R&D activities o are collected through complete
surveys. Data on scientific and technological associations, surveying and mapping,
meteorology, earthquake, product quality supervision and patent applications
are through sample surveys and other surveys.
Changes of
the statistical coverage of data on scientific and technological activities:
before 2000, data only included large and medium-sized industrial enterprises,
scientific research institutions under government departments, and universities
and colleges. Since 2000 (inclusive), data have covered all industries.