Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Divisions of Administrative Areas refers to the division
of administrative areas by the State. The relative laws stipulate that 1) the whole
country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government; 2) provinces and autonomous regions are
further divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and
cities; 3) autonomous prefectures are further divided into counties, autonomous
counties and cities; 4) counties and autonomous counties are further divided
into townships, ethnic townships and towns; 5) municipalities directly under
the Central Government and large cities are divided into districts and
counties, 6) the State shall, when necessary, establish special administrative
regions.
Average Annual Growth Rate shows the average growth rate of social and economic development during a
longer period. It can not be directly calculated by chain based growth rate.
The relation is:
Average Annual Growth Rate =
Average Speed of Development – 1
Average speed of development
is the time series average of speed which calculated by chain based. Because
the reference bases during the different periods are not same, average speed of
development can not be calculated by the general method. Level approach and
accumulative approach for calculating average speed of development rate are
applied. The “level approach”, or the method of calculating the geometric
average, is derived by the formula of geometric average of the chain-based
speeds of development, or comparing the level of the last year of the interval
with that of the beginning year; the other is called the “accumulative
approach” or the “algebraic average”, “equation” method, which is derived by
the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the
figure in the base year. The level approach focuses on the level of the last
year, while the accumulative approach emphasizes the aggregate development in
the duration.
The average annual growth rates listed in the Yearbook are calculated by
the level approach except for the growth rate of investment in fixed assets.
The base year is not listed in the duration for which average annual growth
rates are computed. For instance, the average annual growth rate of the 43
years since 1949 is shown as the average annual growth rate of 1950-1992
without showing the base year 1949.
Industrial Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification of
the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is introduced starting from the
compilation of 2003 annual statistics. The revision, based on the 1994
classification, was organized by the National Bureau of Statistics taking into
consideration of the International Standards of the Industrial
Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United
Nations. The new Classification was promulgated by the National
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on May 10,
2002. The revised version of the Industrial Classification of the National
Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is composed of 20 major divisions, 95 divisions,
396 major groups and 913 groups, of which
4 major divisions, 3 divisions, 28 major groups and 67 groups are new
respectively
Registration Status of Enterprises Enterprises are classified into 3 categories, namely
domestic-funded enterprises, enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macau
and
State-owned Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units where the entire assets are
owned by the State and which have been registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of
Corporate Enterprises. Not included from this category are solely
State-funded corporations in the limited liability corporations.
Collective-owned Enterprises refer to economic units where the assets
are owned collectively and which have been registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of
Corporate Enterprises.
Cooperative Enterprises refer to a form of
collective economic units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from
employees as their shares, with certain proportion of capital from the outside,
where production is organized on the basis of independent operation,
independent accounting for profits and losses, joint work, democratic
management, and a distribution system that integrates remuneration according to
work with dividend according to capital share.
Joint Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units established
by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or
different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of voluntary
participation, equality, and mutual benefits. They include State joint
ownership enterprises; collective joint ownership enterprises; joint
State-collective enterprises; and other joint ownership enterprises.
Limited Liability Corporations refer to economic units established with
investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of
Corporations, each investor bearing limited liability to the corporation
depending on its share of investment, and the corporation bearing liability to
its debt to the maximum of its total assets. Limited liability corporations
include solely State-funded limited liability corporations and other limited
liability corporations.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to
economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s
Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporations, with
total registered capital divided into equal shares and raised through issuing
stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the corporation depending on
the holding of shares, and the corporation bears liability to its debt to the
maximum of its total assets.
Private Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units
invested and established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons
using employed labour. Included in this category are private limited liability
corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership
enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered in accordance with the Company
Law, the Law on Partnership Business and Interim
Regulations on Private Enterprises .
Other Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded economic units other
than those mentioned above.
Joint Venture Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and
Taiwan are
enterprises established by investors from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with
enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the
People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures and other
relevant laws, where the establishment of the investment and the sharing of
profits and risks are stipulated under joint venture contracts.
Cooperative Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan established by investors from Hong Kong, Macau
and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law
of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture
and other relevant laws, where the investment or provision of facilities and
the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under cooperative contracts.
Enterprises with Sole (exclusive) Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Taiwan refer
to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the
former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in line with relevant
State regulations, where the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or
Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the
corporation. In case the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or
Joint Venture Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of
China on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures and other relevant laws, where
the sharing of investment, profits and risks is stipulated under contract.
Cooperative Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly established by
foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the mainland of China in
accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign
Contractual Joint Venture and other relevant laws, where the investment or
provision of facilities and the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated
under cooperative contracts.
Enterprises with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment refer to enterprises established in the
mainland of
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refer to share-holding corporations
Ltd. established with the approval from the former Ministry of Foreign Trade
and Economic Relations in line with relevant State regulations, where the share
of investment from foreign investors exceeds 25% of the total registered
capital of the corporation. In case the share of foreign investment is less
than 25% of the total registered capital, the enterprise is to be classified as
domestic-funded share-holding corporation Ltd.
Government Agencies, Institutions and Social Organizations are classified into the following
categories by source of funds and manner of management taking reference of the
registration status of enterprises:
(1) Government agencies: include State and party agencies, classified in
principle as State-owned. There are exceptions, such as supply and marketing
cooperatives which are classified as collective-owned.
(2) Institutions: include institutions of various types established with
the approval by organization and staffing departments of the government, but
exclude institutions where enterprise management system is introduced.
Institutions are further classified as follows:
(a) Institutions for which their main budgets are from government budget
appropriations or extra-budget funds, or allocated from the budget of their
competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as state-owned.
(b) Institutions for which their budget mainly come from collective
units. Such institutions are classified as collective-owned.
(c) Social institutions established by individual or a group of
citizens, which are classified as private.
(d) Institutions other than those mentioned above for which their
sources of budget are not clear. Such institutions are classified by the manner
of management.
(3) Social organizations: include social organizations established with
the approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and organizations that are not
covered by social organization management regulations such as trade unions,
women’s federations etc.. Social organizations are further classified as
follows:
(a) Social organizations that are not covered by social organization
management regulations of the Ministry of Civil Affairs such as trade unions,
women federations, communist youth leagues, youth associations, industrial and
commerce associations, scientist associations, overseas Chinese associations,
etc., foundations and fund management organizations established with funds from
the state, and social organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of
their competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as
State-owned.
(b) Social organizations for which their budget mainly come from
collective units. Such institutions are classified as collective-owned.
(c) Social organizations established by individual or a group of
citizens, which are classified as private.
(d) Social organizations other than those mentioned above for which
their sources of budget are not clear. Such organizations are classified by the
manner of management.