Brief
Introduction
Data in this chapter
show the development of
I. Main Content and
Sources of Data on Education
Data on education
cover the situations on education funded by government and non-government
agencies, and the education with and without ademic
credentials including higher education (education of postgraduates, General
Higher Education and adult education), secondary education (senior and junior
high schools), elementary education (primary schools), preschool education,
special education (schools for the blind, deaf-mutes and mentally retarded) and
their expenditure. The main indicators include the number of schools, the
number of students enrolled, the number of new students enrolled, the number of
graduates, the number of staff and workers, the number of full-time teachers,
sources and outlay of education funding, and education expenditure from the
State budget.
The Ministry of
Education provides statistical data on education undertakings and education
funding. Data on technical training schools are provided by Ministry of Human
Resources and Social Security.
Detailed information
can be found in “Statistical Yearbook on China’s Educational Undertakings”
compiled by Department of Planning and Development, Ministry of Education; and
the “Statistical Yearbook on National Education Funding” compiled by the
Department of Finance, Ministry of Education.
II.
Main Contents, Sources of Data and Statistical Methodology on Science and
Technology
Data on technology mainly include: data on scientific and technological activities,
R&D activeities all over the country, industrial
enterprises, scientific and technological institutions under government
departments, universities and colleges, and large and medium-sized industrial enterprises;
data on domestic and foreign patents application accepted and granted, data on production,
research and development activities of high-tech industrial enterprises, data
on scientific and technological papers; data on import and export trade of
high-technological products; data on technological markets; main economic
indicators of high and new-tech industrial enteriprises
in development zones; data on the number of scientific and technological
personnel in state-owned enterprises and institutions; data on the scientific
and technological activities in the system of associations for science and
technology; data on operation institutions and activities of the polytechnic departments
of meteorology, earthquake, surveying and mapping, product quality supervision.
Coverage of data: data
on research and development (R & D) activities of enterprises and institutions all over the country, mainly
including industrial enterprises, scientific and technological institutions
under government departments, universities and colleges and R&D-intensive enterprises
of different industries (such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry，fisher，construction,
transport, storage and post, information transmission, computer services and
software, financial intermediation, leasing and business services, scientific
research, technical service and geologic prospecting, management of water conservancy,
environment and public facilities , health, social security and social welfare,
culture, sports andf entertainment).
Sources of data:
data on national aggregates and R&D activities of various enterprises and instutitions , are from National Bureau of Statistics; data
on scientific and technological institutions under government departments are
from Ministry of Science and Technology, and State Administration of Science,
Technology and Industry for National Defense; data on
scientific research, technical survice and geologic
prospecting, scientific and technological papers; technological markets and high
and new-tech industrial enteriprises in development zones
are from Ministry of Science and Technology; data on scientific and
technological activities in universities and colleges are from Ministry of
Education; data on import and export trade of high-technological products are
from General Administration of Customs; Data on the number of scientific and
technological personnel are from Ministry of Human Resources and Social
Security. The China Association for Science and Technology provides data on the
scientific and technological activities of associations for science and
technology. Data on the development of surveying and mapping, meteorology, earthquake,
product quality supervision and patents are provided separately by the State Bureau of Surveying
and Mapping, China Meteorological
Administration, China Earthquake Administration, National
Bureau of Marine Administration, General Administration of Quality Supervision,
Inspection and Quarantine, and State Intellectual Property Office.
Statistical
methodology: data on R&D activities of industrial enterprises, scientific
and technological institutions under government departments, universities and
colleges are collected through complete surveys. Data on scientific and
technological associations, surveying and mapping, meteorology, earthquake, product
quality supervision and patent applications are through sample surveys and
other surveys. Data on construction, transportation, telecommunication,
software industry, agriculture and health care are from rotational sampling
systems with 5 years as one cycle.
Changes of the statistical coverage
of data on scientific and technological activities: before 2000, data only
included large and medium-sized industrial enterprises, scientific research
institutions under government departments, and universities and colleges. Since
2000 (inclusive), data have covered all industries.