Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Industry refers to the material production
sector which is engaged in the extraction of natural resources and processing
and reprocessing of minerals and agricultural products, including (1)
extraction of natural resources, such as mining, salt production (but not
including hunting and fishing); (2) processing and reprocessing of farm and
sideline produces, such as rice husking, flour milling, wine making, oil pressing,
silk reeling, spinning and weaving, and leather making; (3) manufacture of
industrial products, such as steel making, iron smelting, chemicals
manufacturing, petroleum processing, machine building, timber processing; water
and gas production and electricity generation and supply; (4)repairing of
industrial products such as the repairing of machinery and means of transport
(including cars).
In
industrial statistics surveys, the units of enquiry are corporate industrial
enterprises with independent accounting systems.
Corporate
industrial enterprises with independent accounting systems refer to enterprises
engaging in industrial production activities, which meet the following
requirements: (1) They are established legally, having their own names, organizations,
location and able to take civil liability; (2) They possess and use their
assets independently, assume liabilities and are entitled to sign contracts
with other units; (3) They are financially independent and compile their own
balance sheets.
Enterprises
covered in the industrial statistics in the Yearbook include the following
categories by their registration:
State-owned and State-holding
Enterprises refer to state-owned enterprises plus State-holding enterprises.
State-owned enterprises (originally known as State-run enterprises with
ownership by the whole society) are non-corporate economic entities registered
in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
Collective-owned Enterprises refer to economic
entities registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic
of
Cooperative Enterprises refer to economic units set up on a
cooperative basis, with funding partly from employees of the enterprise and
partly from outside investment, where the operation and management is decided
by all the members who also participate in the production, and the distribution
of income is based both on work (labour input) and on
shares (capital input).
Joint Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units that
are established by joint investment by two or more corporate enterprises or
institutions of the same or different types of ownership on voluntary, equal
and mutual-beneficial basis. They include:
a)
State-owned joint-operation enterprises (joint operation between State-owned
enterprises);
b)
Collective joint-operation enterprises (joint operation between collective
enterprises; and
c)
State-collective joint-operation enterprises (joint operation between state and
collective enterprises).
Limited Liability Corporations refer to economic units
registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China
on the Management of Registration of Corporations, with capital from 2 to 49
investors, each investor bears limited liability to the corporation depending
on his/her holding of shares, and the corporation bears liability to its debt
to the maximum of its total assets.
Limited
liability corporations include state sole funded corporations and other limited
liability corporations.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units
registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China
on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises, with total
registered capital divided into equal shares and raised through issuing stocks.
Each investor bears limited liability to the corporation depending on the
holding of shares, and the corporation bears liability to its debt to the
maximum of its total assets.
Private Enterprises refer to economic units invested or controlled (by holding the majority of the shares) by natural persons who hire labours for profit-making activities. Included in this category are private limited liability corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership ent