Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Divisions
of Administrative Areas refers to the division of administrative areas by the State. The relative
laws stipulate that 1) the whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; 2) provinces
and autonomous regions are further divided into autonomous prefectures,
counties, autonomous counties and cities; 3) autonomous prefectures are further
divided into counties, autonomous counties and cities; 4) counties and
autonomous counties are further divided into townships, ethnic townships and
towns; 5) municipalities directly under the Central Government and large cities
are divided into districts and counties, 6) the State shall, when necessary,
establish special administrative regions.
Average
Annual Growth Rate shows the average growth rate of social and economic development during a
longer period. It can not be directly calculated by chain based growth rate.
The relation is:
Average Annual Growth Rate = Average Speed
of Development – 1
Average speed of development is the time
series average of speed which calculated by chain based. Because the reference
bases during the different periods are not same, average speed of development
can not be calculated by the general method. Level approach and accumulative
approach for calculating average speed of development rate are applied. The
“level approach”, or the method of calculating the geometric average, is
derived by the formula of geometric average of the chain-based speeds of
development, or comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that
of the beginning year; the other is called the “accumulative approach” or the
“algebraic average”, “equation” method, which is derived by the summation of
the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the figure in the
base year. The level approach focuses on the level of the last year, while the
accumulative approach emphasizes the aggregate development in the duration.
The average annual growth rates listed in
the Yearbook are calculated by the level approach except for the growth rate of
investment in fixed assets. The base year is not listed in the duration for which
average annual growth rates are computed. For instance, the average annual
growth rate of the 43 years since 1949 is shown as the average annual growth
rate of 1950-1992 without showing the base year 1949.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T
4754-2002) is introduced starting from the compilation of 2003 annual
statistics. The revision, based on the 1994 classification, was organized by
the National Bureau of Statistics taking into consideration of the
International Standards of the Industrial Classification of All Economic
Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United Nations. The new Classification was
promulgated by the National Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine on May 10, 2002. The revised version of the Industrial
Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is composed of 20 major
divisions, 95 divisions, 396 major groups and 913 groups, of which 4 major divisions, 3 divisions, 28 major
groups and 67 groups are new respectively.
Registration
Status of Enterprises Enterprises are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded
enterprises, enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
State-owned
Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units
where the entire assets are owned by the State and which have been registered
in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
Collective-owned
Enterprises refer to economic units where the assets are owned collectively and which
have been registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic
of
Cooperative
Enterprises refer to a form of collective
economic units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their
shares, with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production
is organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for
profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution
system that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according
to capital share.
Joint
Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units
established by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of
the same or different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of
voluntary participation, equality, and mutual benefits. They include State
joint ownership enterprises; collective joint ownership enterprises; joint
State-collective enterprises; and other joint ownership enterprises.
Limited
Liability Corporations refer to economic units established with investment from 2-50 investors
and registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
China on the Management of Registration of Corporations, each investor bearing
limited liability to the corporation depending on its share of investment, and
the corporation bearing liability to its debt to the maximum of its total
assets. Limited liability corporations include solely State-funded limited
liability corporations and other limited liability corporations.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer
to economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s
Republic of
Private
Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units invested and established by natural
persons, or controlled by natural persons using employed labour.
Included in this category are private limited liability corporations, private
share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership enterprises and
private-funded enterprises registered in accordance with the Company Law, the
Law on Partnership Business and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises .
Other
Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded economic units other than those mentioned above.
Joint
Venture Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan are enterprises
established by investors from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in
the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of
China on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures and other relevant laws, where the
establishment of the investment and the sharing of profits and risks are
stipulated under joint venture contracts.
Cooperative
Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan
established by investors from
Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in
accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign
Contractual Joint Venture and other relevant laws, where the investment or
provision of facilities and the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated
under cooperative contracts.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the
approval from the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in
line with relevant State regulations, where the share of investment from Hong
Kong, Macau or Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the total registered capital
of the corporation. In case the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or
Joint
Venture Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of
Cooperative
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China
on Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture and other relevant laws, where the
investment or provision of facilities and the sharing of profits and risks are
stipulated under cooperative contracts.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment refer to enterprises established in
the mainland of
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. with Foreign
Investment refer to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the
approval from the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in
line with relevant State regulations, where the share of investment from
foreign investors exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the
corporation. In case the share of foreign investment is less than 25% of the
total registered capital, the enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded
share-holding corporation Ltd.
Government
Agencies, Institutions and Social Organizations are classified into the following categories by source of funds and
manner of management taking reference of the registration status of
enterprises:
(1) Government agencies: include State and
party agencies, classified in principle as State-owned. There are exceptions,
such as supply and marketing cooperatives which are classified as
collective-owned.
(2) Institutions: include institutions of
various types established with the approval by organization and staffing departments
of the government, but exclude institutions where enterprise management system
is introduced. Institutions are further classified as follows:
(a) Institutions for which their main
budgets are from government budget appropriations or extra-budget funds, or
allocated from the budget of their competent government agencies. Such
institutions are classified as state-owned.
(b) Institutions for which their budget
mainly come from collective units. Such institutions are classified as
collective-owned.
(c) Social institutions established by
individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as private.
(d) Institutions other than those mentioned
above for which their sources of budget are not clear. Such institutions are
classified by the manner of management.
(3) Social organizations: include social
organizations established with the approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs,
and organizations that are not covered by social organization management
regulations such as trade unions, women’s federations etc.. Social
organizations are further classified as follows:
(a) Social organizations that are not
covered by social organization management regulations of the Ministry of Civil
Affairs such as trade unions, women federations, communist youth leagues, youth
associations, industrial and commerce associations, scientist associations,
overseas Chinese associations, etc., foundations and fund management
organizations established with funds from the state, and social organizations
whose funds mainly come from the budget of their competent government agencies.
Such institutions are classified as State-owned.
(b) Social organizations for which their
budget mainly come from collective units. Such institutions are classified as
collective-owned.
(c) Social organizations established by
individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as private.
(d) Social organizations other than those
mentioned above for which their sources of budget are not clear. Such
organizations are classified by the manner of management.