Brief Introduction
Data
in this chapter show the development of
I. Main Content and Sources of Data
on Education
Data
on education cover the situations on higher education (education of
postgraduates, General Higher Education and adult education), secondary
education (senior and junior high schools), elementary education (primary
schools), preschool education, special education (schools for the blind,
deaf-mutes and mentally retarded) and their expenditure. The main indicators
include the number of schools, the number of students enrolled, the number of
new students enrolled, the number of graduates, the number of staff and
workers, the number of full-time teachers, sources and outlay of education
funding, and education expenditure from the State budget.
The
Ministry of Education provides statistical data on education undertakings and
education funding. Data on technical training schools are provided by Ministry
of Human Resources and Social Security.
Detailed
information can be found in “Statistical Yearbook on China’s Educational
Undertakings” compiled by Department of Planning and Development, Ministry of
Education; and the “Statistical Yearbook on National Education Funding” compiled
by the Department of Finance, Ministry of Education.
II. Main Contents, Sources of Data
and Statistical Methodology on Science and Technology
Data
on technology mainly include: data on scientific and technological activities,
R&D activeities all over the country, scientific
and technological institutions under government departments, universities and
colleges, and large and medium-sized industrial enterprises; data on domestic
and foreign patents application accepted and granted, data on scientific and
technological activities of high-tech industrial enterprises, data on
scientific and technological papers; data on import and export trade of
high-technological products; data on technological markets; main economic
indicators of high and new-tech industrial enteriprises
in development zones; data on the number of scientific and technological
personnel in state-owned enterprises and institutions; data on the scientific
and technological activities in the system of associations for science and
technology; data on operation institutions and activities of the polytechnic
departments of meteorology, earthquake, surveying and mapping, product quality
supervision.
Coverage
of data: data on scientific and technological activities refer to institutions
all over the country engaged in those activities. They are mainly: industrial
enterprises, scientific and technological institutions under government
departments, universities and colleges, construction enterprises of the first
grade, transportation and telecommunication enterprises at or above prefecture
level, agricultural and health care institutions at or above prefecture level,
enterprises engaged in software development, units engaged in polytechnic
scientific and technological services and so on.
Sources
of data: data on national level, various enterprises, medical and health care
institutions and agricultural undertakings are from National Bureau of
Statistics; data on scientific and technological institutions under government
departments are from Ministry of Science and Technology, and State
Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense; data
on scientific and technological papers; technological markets and high and
new-tech industrial enteriprises in development zones
are from Ministry of Science and Technology; data on scientific and
technological activities in universities and colleges are from Ministry of
Education; data on import and export trade of high-technological products are
from General Administration of Customs; Data on the number of scientific and
technological personnel are from Ministry of Human Resources and Social
Security. The China Association for Science and Technology provides data on the
scientific and technological activities of associations for science and technology.
Data on the development of surveying and mapping, meteorology, earthquake,
product quality supervision and patents are provided separately by the State
Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, China Meteorological Administration, China
Earthquake Administration, National Bureau of Marine Administration, General
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, and State
Intellectual Property Office.
Statistical
methodology: data on scientific and technological activities of industrial
enterprises, scientific and technological institutions under government
departments, universities and colleges are collected through complete surveys.
Data on scientific and technological associations, surveying and mapping,
meteorology, earthquake, product quality supervision and patent applications
are through sample surveys and other surveys. Data on construction,
transportation, telecommunication, software industry, agriculture and health
care are from rotational sampling systems with 5 years as one cycle.
Changes
of the statistical coverage of data on scientific and technological activities:
before 2000, data only included large and medium-sized industrial enterprises,
scientific research institutions under government departments, and universities
and colleges. Since 2000 (inclusive), data further include: small industrial
enterprises, enterprises and institutions of construction sector,
transportation sector, telecommunication sector, software sector, agriculture,
and health care agencies.