| 1-3 Composition
Indicators on National Economic and Social Development |
|
(%) |
| Item |
1978 |
1990 |
2000 |
2008 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Population and Employment |
|
|
|
|
| Population |
|
|
|
|
| Sexual
Composition |
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
51.5 |
51.5 |
51.6 |
51.5 |
|
Female |
48.5 |
48.5 |
48.4 |
48.5 |
| Urban and
Rural Composition |
|
|
|
|
|
Urban |
17.9 |
26.4 |
36.2 |
45.7 |
|
Rural |
82.1 |
73.6 |
63.8 |
54.3 |
| Employment |
|
|
|
|
| Industrial
Composition |
|
|
|
|
|
Primary Industry |
70.5 |
60.1 |
50.0 |
39.6 |
|
Secondary Industry |
17.3 |
21.4 |
22.5 |
27.2 |
|
Tertiary Industry |
12.2 |
18.5 |
27.5 |
33.2 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Macro Economy |
|
|
|
|
| National Accounting |
|
|
|
|
| Industrial
Composition |
|
|
|
|
|
Primary Industry |
28.2 |
27.1 |
15.1 |
11.3 |
|
Secondary Industry |
47.9 |
41.3 |
45.9 |
48.6 |
|
Tertiary Industry |
23.9 |
31.6 |
39.0 |
40.1 |
| Investment in Fixed Assets |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Total Investment in Fixed Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
Urban |
|
72.5 |
79.7 |
86.1 |
|
Rural |
|
27.5 |
20.3 |
13.9 |
| Composition of
Funding Sources |
|
|
|
|
|
State Budget |
|
8.7 |
6.4 |
4.3 |
|
Domestic Loans |
|
19.6 |
20.3 |
14.5 |
|
Foreign Investment |
|
6.3 |
5.1 |
2.9 |
|
Self-raising Funds and Other Investments |
|
65.4 |
68.2 |
78.3 |
| Government Finance |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Government Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
Central Government |
15.5 |
33.8 |
52.2 |
53.3 |
|
Local Governments |
84.5 |
66.2 |
47.8 |
46.7 |
| Composition of
Government Expenditure |
|
|
|
|
|
Central Government |
47.4 |
32.6 |
34.7 |
21.3 |
|
Local Governments |
52.6 |
67.4 |
65.3 |
78.7 |
| Utilization of Foreign Capital |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Foreign Capital Actually Utilized |
|
|
|
|
|
Loans from Abroad |
|
63.5 |
16.8 |
|
|
Foreign Direct Investment |
|
33.9 |
68.6 |
97.0 |
|
Other Foreign Investment |
|
2.6 |
14.6 |
3.0 |
| Energy |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Total Energy Production |
|
|
|
|
|
Coal |
70.3 |
74.2 |
72.0 |
76.7 |
|
Crude Oil |
23.7 |
19.0 |
18.1 |
10.4 |
|
Natural Gas |
2.9 |
2.0 |
2.8 |
3.9 |
|
Hydro-power, Nuclear Power, Wind Power |
3.1 |
4.8 |
7.2 |
9.0 |
| Composition of
Total Energy Consumption |
|
|
|
|
|
Coal |
70.7 |
76.2 |
67.8 |
68.7 |
|
Petroleum |
22.7 |
16.6 |
23.2 |
18.7 |
|
Natural Gas |
3.2 |
2.1 |
2.4 |
3.8 |
|
Hydro-power, Nuclear Power, Wind Power |
3.4 |
5.1 |
6.7 |
8.9 |
|
Industry |
|
|
|
|
| Agriculture |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Gross Output Value of Agriculture |
|
|
|
|
|
Farming |
80.0 |
64.7 |
55.7 |
48.4 |
|
Forestry |
3.4 |
4.3 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
|
Animal Husbandry |
15.0 |
25.6 |
29.7 |
35.5 |
|
Fishery |
1.6 |
5.4 |
10.9 |
9.0 |
| Industry |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Capital of Industrial Enterprises |
|
|
|
|
|
Large Enterprises |
|
|
56.3 |
38.1 |
|
Medium-sized Enterprises |
|
|
12.9 |
32.7 |
|
Small Enterprises |
|
|
30.8 |
29.2 |
| Construction |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of Gross Output
Value of |
|
|
|
|
| Construction Industry |
|
|
|
|
| State-owned
Enterprise |
|
69.5 |
40.4 |
19.7 |
|
Collective-owned Enterprises |
|
30.5 |
32.3 |
5.2 |
| Enterprises
with Funds from Hong Kong, Macao & Taiwan |
|
|
0.8 |
0.5 |
| Foreign Funded
Enterprises |
|
|
0.5 |
0.6 |
| Other
Enterprises |
|
|
25.9 |
74.0 |
| Transportation |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Freight Traffic |
|
|
|
|
|
Railways |
44.2 |
15.5 |
13.1 |
12.8 |
|
Highways |
34.2 |
74.6 |
76.5 |
74.1 |
|
Waterways |
17.4 |
8.3 |
9.0 |
11.4 |
|
Civil Aviation |
0.003 |
0.004 |
0.014 |
0.016 |
|
Pipelines |
4.2 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
| Domestic Trade |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Retail Sales of Consumer Goods |
|
|
|
|
|
Cities |
32.4 |
46.9 |
62.8 |
68.0 |
|
Counties |
24.4 |
16.1 |
12.4 |
11.3 |
|
Below Counties |
43.2 |
37.0 |
24.9 |
20.8 |
| Imports and Exports of Goods |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Exports |
|
|
|
|
|
Primary Goods |
53.5 |
25.6 |
10.2 |
5.4 |
|
Manufactured Goods |
46.5 |
74.4 |
89.8 |
94.6 |
| Composition of
Imports |
|
|
|
|
|
Primary Goods |
|
18.5 |
20.8 |
32.0 |
|
Manufactured Goods |
|
81.5 |
79.2 |
68.0 |
| International Tourism |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Tourists Visiting China |
|
|
|
|
|
Foreigners |
12.7 |
6.4 |
12.2 |
18.7 |
|
Hong Kong and Macao Compatriots |
|
89.9 |
84.0 |
77.9 |
|
Taiwan Compatriots |
|
3.5 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
| Financial Intermediation |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Sources of Funds in Financial Institutions |
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits |
|
|
91.4 |
86.6 |
|
Financial Bonds |
|
|
|
3.9 |
|
Liability to International Financial Institutions |
|
|
0.3 |
0.1 |
|
Currency in Circulation |
|
|
10.8 |
6.4 |
|
Others |
|
|
-2.5 |
3.0 |
| Composition of
Fund Uses in Financial Institutions |
|
|
|
|
|
Loans |
|
|
73.3 |
56.4 |
|
Portfolio and Investment |
|
|
14.5 |
12.1 |
|
Position for Bullion and Silver Purchase |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
Position for Foreign Exchange |
|
|
10.5 |
31.3 |
|
Advances to Treasury |
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
Assets with International Financial Institutions |
|
|
0.4 |
0.2 |
|
Education, Science and Culture |
|
|
|
|
| Education |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Full-time Teachers in Regular Schools |
|
|
|
|
|
Colleges and Universities |
2.4 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
10.5 |
|
Secondary Schools |
36.9 |
33.7 |
38.8 |
41.9 |
|
Primary Schools |
60.7 |
62.0 |
56.7 |
47.6 |
| Composition of
Student Enrollment in Regular Schools |
|
|
|
|
|
College and University Students |
0.4 |
1.2 |
2.7 |
9.9 |
|
Secondary School Students |
30.8 |
26.9 |
35.2 |
39.5 |
|
Primary School Students |
68.8 |
71.9 |
62.2 |
50.6 |
| Science and Technology |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Funds for Scientific and |
|
|
|
|
|
Technological Activities |
|
|
|
|
|
Government Funds |
|
|
25.3 |
20.8 |
|
Enterprises Funds |
|
|
55.2 |
69.8 |
|
Loans from Banks |
|
|
8.4 |
4.4 |
| Composition of
Expenditure on R&D |
|
|
|
|
|
Basic Research |
|
|
5.2 |
4.8 |
|
Applied Research |
|
|
17.0 |
12.5 |
|
Experimental Development |
|
|
77.8 |
82.8 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
People's Living Conditions and Environment |
|
|
|
|
| People's Living Conditions |
|
|
|
|
| Consumption
Composition of Urban Residents |
|
|
|
|
|
Food |
|
54.3 |
39.4 |
37.9 |
|
Clothing |
|
13.4 |
10.0 |
10.4 |
|
Residence |
|
7.0 |
11.3 |
10.2 |
|
Household Facilities, Articles and Services |
|
10.1 |
7.5 |
6.2 |
|
Health Care and Medical Services |
|
2.0 |
6.4 |
7.0 |
|
Transport and Communications |
|
1.2 |
8.5 |
12.6 |
|
Education, Cultural and Recreation Services |
|
11.1 |
13.4 |
12.1 |
|
Miscellaneous Goods and Services |
|
0.9 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
| Consumption
Composition of Rural Residents |
|
|
|
|
|
Food |
|
58.8 |
49.1 |
43.7 |
|
Clothing |
|
7.8 |
5.7 |
5.8 |
|
Residence |
|
17.3 |
15.5 |
18.5 |
|
Household Facilities, Articles and Services |
|
5.3 |
4.5 |
4.8 |
|
Transport and Telecommunications |
|
1.4 |
5.6 |
9.8 |
|
Education, Cultural and Recreation and Services |
|
5.4 |
11.2 |
8.6 |
|
Health Care and Medical Services |
|
3.3 |
5.2 |
6.7 |
|
Other Goods and Services |
|
0.7 |
3.1 |
2.1 |
| Health Care |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Medical Technical Personnel |
|
|
|
|
|
Licensed (Assistant) Doctors |
41.9 |
45.2 |
46.2 |
41.4 |
|
Registered Nurses |
16.5 |
25.0 |
28.2 |
32.9 |
| Environment |
|
|
|
|
| Composition of
Investment in the Treatment of |
|
|
|
|
|
Industrial Pollution |
|
|
|
|
|
Waste Water Treatment |
|
|
46.7 |
35.9 |
|
Waste Gas Treatment |
|
|
38.7 |
49.0 |
|
Solid Waste Treatment |
|
|
4.9 |
3.6 |
|
Noise Abatement |
|
|
0.6 |
0.5 |
|
Others |
|
|
9.1 |
11.0 |
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