Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reflects the total of goods produced and services provided annually in Macao, China. GDP in this statistical yearbook is estimated by using the expenditure and production approaches. The expenditure-based GDP is measured as the sum of household consumption expenditure; government final consumption expenditure; gross fixed capital formation; changes in inventories; and net exports (exports less imports) of goods and services. The production-based GDP, which is measured as the sum of gross value added of all economic activities, can be used to evaluate the structure of the industrial sectors in Macao, China.

Infant Mortality Rate Deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births within the reference period.

Natural Growth Rate Surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths per 1,000 residents of the average population within the reference period.

Crude Birth Rate Live births per 1,000 residents of the average population within the reference period.

Crude Mortality Rate Deaths per 1,000 residents of the average population within the reference period.

Regular Education Systematic academic programmes designed, in principle, for children and juveniles to access/progress from pre-primary education to university. Three pre-requisites are applicable

-Programme duration of at least one academic year.

-Specific academic qualification for entrance.

-Examination or specific academic assessment procedures is included.

Pre-primary Education is composed of 2 stages: infant education and the preparatory level for primary education.

(1)Infant education Designed for children aged between 3-4 years old. Children aged 3 as at 31^st December of the year of enrolment are also eligible. No knowledge assessment tests are required for progression.

(2)Preparatory level for primary education Designed for children aged 5 as at 31^st December of the year of enrolment. Progress examination is a pre-requisite for advancement access. This type of preparatory level is also called the third year of pre-primary education in some educational institutes.

Primary Education lasts for 6 years. Children having completed the preparatory level for primary education or aged 6 as at 31^st December of the year of enrolment are eligible to the first year of primary education. The maximum age for primary education is 15 years old.

Secondary Education is divided into 2 stages, viz. junior secondary and senior secondary. Pre-university courses are also considered secondary education.

(1)Junior secondary education for a duration of 3 years. Students having successfully completed the primary education are eligible. The maximum age for this level is 18 years old. However, under certain circumstances, the educational institutes can exercise their discretion to accept enrolment beyond the age limit.

(2)Senior secondary education lasts for a duration of 2-3 years. Students having successfully completed the junior secondary level are eligible. The maximum age for this level is 21 years old. However, under certain circumstances, the educational institutes can exercise their discretion to accept enrolment beyond the age limit.

Vocational Technical Secondary Education Programmes aiming at training vocational technical personnel in elementary and intermediate levels.

Higher Education Degree or non-degree programmes offered by universities, polytechnic institutes or equivalent.

Special Education Programmes designed for students with mental, sensory, corporal or communication problems, etc.

Adult Education Programmes or courses outside regular education which are organized systematically for participation by individuals aged 15 and over.

Labour Force Total number of people aged 14 and over who is available to participate in the production of goods and services during the reference period. It comprises the employed population and the unemployed population.

Employed Population People aged 14 and above who have worked at least 1 hour during the reference period, for pay, profits or family gains, in cash or in kind. It also includes individuals who have a job and are absent from work but maintain a formal job attachment with the employer, or company owners who are temporarily not working due to specific reasons.

Unemployed Population Total number of people aged 14 and over during the reference period with all of the following conditions fulfilled

-Not having a job or any formal job attachment to an employer.

-Available for work with remuneration or running own business.

-Seeking work during the last 30 days.

Underemployed Population refers to the employed population who, regardless of their status in employment, worked involuntarily for less than 35 hours during the reference period, and have sought or are available to take on additional work.

Labour Force Participation Rate The proportion of labour force in the resident population aged 14 and over in Macao, China.

Unemployment Rate The proportion of unemployed in the labour force.

Underemployment Rate The proportion of underemployed population in the labour force.

Visitor Any person travelling to a place (i.e. Macao, China) other than that of his/her usual environment for less than 12 consecutive months and whose main purpose of travel is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.

Hotel Occupancy Rate The percentage of rooms occupied by guests in the total number of available rooms.

Imports The entry of any commodities into Macao, China, except re-imports and transit.

Exports The outgoing from Macao SAR, China, of any commodities, excluding temporary exports and transit.

Domestic Exports The outgoing from Macao SAR, China，of any commodities with the origin of Macao, China.

Re-exports The outgoing from Macao SAR, China，of any commodities previously imported, without any transformation or even with transformation, but do not obtain the origin of Macao SAR, China.

Transit The passage or transhipment of commodities through Macao, China, for the exclusive purpose of transportation and with next destination mentioned in the attached documents.( In accordance with the newly revised law of external trade (NO.7/2003), starting from September 2003, the trade type named “direct transit” has been changed to “transit”).

Country of Origin The country or territory where the crops were grown, the minerals were mined and the articles were manufactured. If the production process was carried out in two or more countries or territories, the origin is considered as the country or territory responsible for the last phase of manufacture before the merchandise took its final form and entered the territory, and is subject to rules of origin applied by the importing country to determine the country of origin of goods. Repacking, sorting or mixing are not considered the last phase of manufacture.

Country of Destination The final country or territory to which the goods are delivered, whether or not the transport has been interrupted, and without any commercial transaction in the transit country or territory.

Terms of Trade Index The ratio of the unit value index of exports of goods to that of imports of goods.

Housing Unit Division(s) or annex of a permanent building. Each housing unit has independent entrance of access to the common area of the building; can be legally registered with the property registry and can be independently transacted.

Gross Floor Area The sum of area of each floor in a building measured to the outer surface of the outer walls including the area of lobbies, stairs, lift landings and communal space (shared by 2 or more housing units).

Consumer Price Index reflects the price change of a representative “basket” of goods and services consumed by families in Macao, China.

Money Supply (M₁) refers to the sum of currency in circulation and demand deposits.

Money Supply (M₂) refers to the sum of money supply M₁ and quasi-monetary liabilities, the latter consisting of savings deposits, notice deposits, time deposits and certificates of deposits.

Financial Transactions comprise financial assets and financial liabilities.