Brief Introduction
Brief Introduction
Data in this chapter
show the development of
I. Main Content and
Sources of Data on Education
Data on education
cover the situations on education of postgraduates, higher education
(universities and colleges), secondary education (senior and junior high
schools), elementary education (primary schools), preschool education, special
education (schools for the blind, deaf-mutes and mentally retarded) and their
expenditure. The main indicators include the number of schools, the number of
students enrolled, the number of new students enrolled, the number of
graduates, the number of staff and workers, the number of full-time teachers,
sources and outlay of education funding, and education expenditure from the
State budget.
The Ministry of
Education provides statistical data
on education undertakings and education funding. Data on technical training
schools are provided by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security.
Detailed information
can be found in “Statistical Yearbook on China’s Educational Undertakings”
compiled by Department of Planning and Development, Ministry of Education; and
the “Communiqué on the Implementation of National Education Funding”
compiled jointly by Ministry of Education, National Bureau of Statistics and
Ministry of Finance.
II.
Main Contents, Sources of Data and Statistical Methodology on Science and
Technology
Data on technology mainly include: data on scientific and technological activities refer
to institutions in the entire society engaged in those activities. They are
mainly: enterprises, scientific and technological institutions with independent
accounting system, universities and colleges, small industrial enterprises
above designated size, the construction enterprises of the first grade,
transportation and telecommunication enterprises at or above prefecture level,
agricultural and health care institutions at or above prefecture level,
enterprises engaged in software development, units engaged in scientific and
technological services and so on.
Sources of data:
data on national level, various enterprises, medical and health care
institutions and agricultural undertakings are from National Bureau of
Statistics; data on scientific and technological research institutions,
technological markets and high and new-tech industrial zones are from Ministry
of Science and Technology; data on scientific and technological activities in
universities and colleges are from Ministry of Education; data on scientific
research institutions for defense are from Commission of Science, Technology
and Industry for National Defense. Department of Organization of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of China and National Bureau of Statistics
provide the data on the number of scientific and technological personnel. The
China Association for Science and Technology provides data on the scientific
and technological activities of associations for science and technology. Data
on the development of mapping, meteorology, seismology, ocean, product quality
assurance and patents are provided separately by the National Bureau of
Surveying and Mapping, China Meteorological Administration, China Seismological
Bureau, National Bureau of Marine Administration, General Administration of
Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and State Intellectual Property
Office.
Statistical
methodology: data on industrial enterprises, scientific and technological
institutions under government departments and scientific and technological
activities of universities and colleges are collected through complete surveys.
Data on scientific and technological associations, mapping, meteorology,
seismology, ocean, product quality assurance and patent applications are
through sample surveys and other surveys. Data on construction, transportation,
telecommunication, software industry, agriculture and health care are from
rotational sampling systems with 5 years as one cycle.
Changes
of the statistical coverage of data on scientific and technological activities:
before 2000, data only included large and medium-sized industrial enterprises,
scientific research institutions under government departments, and universities
and colleges. Since 2000 (inclusive), data further include: small industrial
enterprises, construction sector, transportation sector, telecommunication
sector, software sector, agriculture and health care agencies.