Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical
Indicators
Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical
Indicators
Average
Annual Growth Rate
shows the average growth rate of social and economic development during
a longer period. It can not be directly calculated by chain based growth rate.
The relation is:
Average Annual Growth Rate =
Average Speed of Development – 1
Average speed of development
is the time series average of speed which calculated by chain based. Because
the reference bases during the different periods are not same, average speed of
development can not be calculated by the general method. Level approach and
accumulative approach for calculating average speed of development rate are
applied. The “level approach”, or the method of calculating the geometric
average, is derived by the formula of geometric average of the chain-based
speeds of development, or comparing the level of the last year of the interval
with that of the beginning year; the other is called the “accumulative
approach” or the “algebraic average”, “equation” method, which is derived by
the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the
figure in the base year. The level approach focuses on the level of the last
year, while the accumulative approach emphasizes the aggregate development in
the duration.
The average annual growth
rates listed in the Yearbook are calculated by the level approach except for
the growth rate of investment in fixed assets. The base year is not listed in
the duration for which average annual growth rates are computed. For instance,
the average annual growth rate of the 43 years since 1949 is shown as the
average annual growth rate of 1950-1992 without showing the base year 1949.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification of
the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is introduced starting from the
compilation of 2003 annual statistics. The revision, based on the 1994
classification, was organized by the National Bureau of Statistics taking into
consideration of the International Standards of the Industrial
Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United
Nations. The new Classification was promulgated by the National
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on May 10,
2002. The revised version of the Industrial Classification of the National
Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is composed of 20 major divisions, 95 divisions,
396 major groups and 913 groups, of which
4 major divisions, 3 divisions, 28 major groups and 67 groups are new
respectively.
Registration
Status of Enterprises
Enterprises are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic-funded
enterprises, enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
State-owned
Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units where the
entire assets are owned by the State and which have been registered in
accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the
Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises. Not included from this
category are solely State-funded corporations in the limited liability
corporations.
Collective-owned
Enterprises refer
to economic units where the assets are owned collectively and which have been
registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises.
Cooperative
Enterprises
refer to a form of collective economic units (enterprises) where
capitals come mainly from employees as their shares, with certain proportion of
capital from the outside, where production is organized on the basis of
independent operation, independent accounting for profits and losses, joint
work, democratic management, and a distribution system that integrates
remuneration according to work with dividend according to capital share.
Joint
Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units established
by two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or
different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of voluntary
participation, equality, and mutual benefits. They include State joint
ownership enterprises; collective joint ownership enterprises; joint
State-collective enterprises; and other joint ownership enterprises.
Limited
Liability Corporations
refer to economic units established with investment from 2-50 investors
and registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
China on the Management of Registration of Corporations, each investor
bearing limited liability to the corporation depending on its share of
investment, and the corporation bearing liability to its debt to the maximum of
its total assets. Limited liability corporations include solely State-funded
limited liability corporations and other limited liability corporations.
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd.
refer to economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation
of the People’s Republic of China on the Management of Registration of
Corporations, with total registered capital divided into equal shares and
raised through issuing stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the
corporation depending on the holding of shares, and the corporation bears
liability to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.
Private
Enterprises
refer to profit-making economic units invested and established by
natural persons, or controlled by natural persons using employed labour.
Included in this category are private limited liability corporations, private
share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership enterprises and
private-funded enterprises registered in accordance with the Company
Law, the Law on Partnership Business and Interim
Regulations on Private Enterprises .
Other
Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded economic
units other than those mentioned above.
Joint Venture
Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan are enterprises established by investors
from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in
accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign
Equity Joint Ventures and other relevant laws, where the establishment of
the investment and the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under joint
venture contracts.
Cooperative Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan established by investors
from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in
accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign
Contractual Joint Venture and other relevant laws, where the investment or
provision of facilities and the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated
under cooperative contracts
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Taiwan refer to share-holding corporations Ltd.
established with the approval from the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and
Economic Relations in line with relevant State regulations, where the share of
investment from Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25% of the total
registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of investment from
Hong Kong, Macau or
Joint-venture
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of
Cooperation
Enterprises with Foreign Investment
refer to enterprises jointly established by foreign
enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the mainland of China in
accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Contractual
Joint Venture and other relevant laws, where the investment or provision of
facilities and the sharing of profits and risks are stipulated under
cooperative contracts.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment
refer to
enterprises established in the mainland of
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refer
to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the
former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in line with relevant
State regulations, where the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds
25% of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of
foreign investment is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the
enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation
Ltd.
Government
Agencies, Institutions and Social Organizations are classified into the following
categories by source of funds and manner of management taking reference of the
registration status of enterprises:
(1) Government agencies:
include State and party agencies, classified in principle as State-owned. There
are exceptions, such as supply and marketing cooperatives which are classified
as collective-owned.
(2) Institutions: include
institutions of various types established with the approval by organization and
staffing departments of the government, but exclude institutions where
enterprise management system is introduced. Institutions are further classified
as follows:
(a) Institutions for which
their main budgets are from government budget appropriations or extra-budget
funds, or allocated from the budget of their competent government agencies.
Such institutions are classified as state-owned.
(b) Institutions for which
their budget mainly come from collective units. Such institutions are
classified as collective-owned.
(c) Social institutions
established by individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as
private.
(d) Institutions other than
those mentioned above for which their sources of budget are not clear. Such
institutions are classified by the manner of management.
(3) Social organizations:
include social organizations established with the approval from the Ministry of
Civil Affairs, and organizations that are not covered by social organization
management regulations such as trade unions, women’s federations etc.. Social organizations
are further classified as follows:
(a) Social organizations that
are not covered by social organization management regulations of the Ministry
of Civil Affairs such as trade unions, women federations, communist youth
leagues, youth associations, industrial and commerce associations, scientist
associations, overseas Chinese associations, etc., foundations and fund
management organizations established with funds from the state, and social
organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of their competent
government agencies. Such institutions are classified as State-owned.
(b) Social organizations for
which their budget mainly come from collective units. Such institutions are
classified as collective-owned.
(c) Social organizations
established by individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as
private.
(d) Social organizations other
than those mentioned above for which their sources of budget are not clear.
Such organizations are classified by the manner of management.