Explanatory
Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Explanatory
Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Divisions of Administrative
Areas refers to the division of
administrative areas by the State. The relative laws stipulate that 1) the
whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government; 2) provinces and autonomous regions are
further divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and
cities; 3) autonomous prefectures are further divided into counties, autonomous
counties and cities; 4) counties and autonomous counties are further divided
into townships, ethnic townships and towns; 5) municipalities and large cities
are divided into districts and counties, 6) the State shall, when necessary,
establish special administrative regions.
Territory refers to territorial land, sea and air
space under the administration of the People’s Republic of
Climate refers to the natural environmental
status formed by the long-term exchange of energy and mass between the earth
and the atmosphere, and is the result of interaction of many factors. Climate
is both one of the environment factors and also the important resources for
living and production activities of the human being. The average values across
several years of meteorological factors such as temperature, rainfall and
humidity are used as important parameters to describe the climate of a region,
while the average values (or total values) of a given year or month of
meteorological factors reflect the key characteristics of climate for that
period of time.
Natural Resources refer to material resources that could
be obtained from the nature by human being and used for production and living.
Natural resources in general can be classified as renewable resources and
non-renewable resources. Renewable resources refer to resources that could be
renewed and recycled during a relatively short period of time, including land
resource, water resource, climate resource, biology resource and marine
resource. Non-renewable resources include resources that could not be renewed,
such as minerals and geothermal resource.
Area of Cultivated Land refers to area of land reclaimed for the
regular cultivation of various farm crops, including crop-cover land, fallow,
newly reclaimed land and land laid idle for less than 3 years.
Area of Afforested Land refers to area for land for trees bamboo,
bushes and mangrove, including forest-covered land, bush-covered land, sparse
forest land, land planned for afforestation and nurseries of young trees.
Area of Grassland refers to area of grassland,
grass-slopes and grass-covered hills with a vegetation-covering rate of over 5%
that are used for animal husbandry or harvesting of grass. It includes natural,
cultivated and improved grassland areas.
Forest Resource refers to forests, trees, forestland and
wild animals, plants and microorganism that live on forest and trees. Trees
include trees and bamboo.
Total Standing Stock Volume refers to the total stock volume of
trees growing in land, including trees in forest, trees in sparse forest,
scattered trees and trees planted by the side of villages, farm houses and
along roads and rivers.
Forest Area refers to the area of forest where trees
and bamboo grow with canopy density above 0.2, including land of natural woods
and planted woods, but excluding bush land and thin forest land. It reflects
the total areas of afforestation.
Stock Volume of Forest refers to total stock volume of wood growing
in forest area, which shows the total size and level of forest resources of a
country or a region. It is also an important indicator illustrating the
richness of forest resource and the status of forest ecological environment.
Forest Coverage Rate refers to the ratio of area of
afforested land to total land area. It is a very important indicator that
reflects the status of abundance of forest resource and balance of the
ecosystem. Forest area includes the area of trees and bamboo grow with canopy density
above 0.2, the area of shrubby tree according to regulations of the government,
the area of forest land inside farm land and the area of trees planted by the
side of villages, farm houses and along roads and rivers. The formula for
calculating forest coverage rate is as follows:
Water Resource Water exists in the nature in solid,
liquid and gaseous states, is distributed in the ocean, land (including earth)
and air, and constitutes the water resource through the circulation of water.
Water resource includes surface water and ground water that is controlled by
the human being for irrigation, power-generation, water supply, navigation and
cultivation. It also includes rivers, lakes, wells, springs, tides, gulf and
water area for cultivation. Water resource as an important natural resource is
indispensable for the development of the national economy.
Surface Water and Ground
Water Water on earth can be
divided into surface water and ground water according to its distribution.
Surface water refers to different forms of water existing in rivers, lakes,
swamps, glaciers, icecaps and so on. It is also called land water. Ground water
refers to water deposited underground in crannies and holes of saturated rock
soil and in water-eroded caves.
Inland Water Area refers to water area of rivers, lakes,
ponds, reservoir, etc.
Ocean is the general name for sea and
ocean. Ocean refers to the main body of large salt water connected with the
earth. Sea refers to the edge areas of the salt water on the earth that are
compartmentalized or surrounded by land, island, reef or peninsula.
Marine Cultivatable Areas refer to water areas in beach, shallow
sea and lough that are used to breed marine cash propagation, such as fish,
shrimp, crab, shellfish, alga and so on.
Runoff refers to the water gathered at the way
out of the cross section of drainage area either from the surface or
underground after deducting the wastage of the precipitation on the land.
Runoff can be divided into surface runoff, underground runoff and within soil
runoff. Surface runoff refers to water flowing to the rivers, lakes, swamps,
and seas on the surface of the earth. Underground runoff refers to water flow
to rivers, lakes, swamps, and seas through the water-bearing stratum of
confined layer or unconfined layer.
Volume of Runoff refers to the total volume of water
running through a certain cross section of a river during a certain period of
time, reflecting the water resource condition in a country or a region. The
formula for calculating volume of runoff is as follows:
Runoff =Precipitation-Evaporation
Mineral Resources refer to useful minerals, with solid
state, liquid state, gaseity, due to the geological process. Minerals are
important natural resources, and important material base for social
development. At present, there are more than 170 types of minerals discovered
in
Ensured Mineral Reserves refer to the actual mineral reserves,
which equal to the proven mineral reserves (including industrial reserves and
prospective reserves) minus extracted parts and underground losses.
Drainage Area Each river has its own main stream and
branches to form the water system of the river. Each river has its own
catchment’s area, which is also called as the drainage area of the river.
Out-flowing Rivers refer to rivers directly or indirectly
flowing into the sea. The area providing water to the out-flowing rivers is
called as out-flowing area.
Inland Rivers refer to rivers in inland dry areas that
die away in desert on the way or infuse into inland lakes. The area providing
water to the inland rivers is called as inland area.
Continental Shelf refers to seabed and subsoil of sea
floor area that is beyond the marginal sea of the coastal countries which
stretches naturally of its land territory to continent edge, and its width is
defined by the United Nations Marine Convention. The continental shelf area is
rich in aquatic products, and its seabed contains petroleum, natural gas and
other mineral resources, which belong to the coastal countries. The continental
shelf of our country is the natural stretch of its land territory to the
continent edge besides the marginal sea of our country. It extends to the
seabed and subsoil of the sea floor area to the edge of the continent. If the
distance from the baseline of the marginal sea to the continent edge is less
than 200 nautical miles, it can be extended to 200 nautical miles.
Shallow Sea Cultivation refers to the breeding of marine cash
propagation in the cultivatable shallow sea.
Sea-beaches Cultivation refers to the breeding of marine
propagation in sea-beaches which are made possible by levelling-off the ooze or
mud in the tideland and banking up dams.
Harbour Cultivation refers to marine cultivation conducted
in harbours, bays, or the sea-beaches or marshes around seaside and bayou by
blocking the gate and banking up the dam.
Temperature refers to the air temperature.
Monthly average temperature is the summation of average daily temperature
of one month divided by the actual days of that particular month.
Annual average temperature is the summation of monthly average of a year
divided by 12 months.
Relative Humidity refers to the ratio of actual water
vapour pressure to the saturation water vapour density under the current
temperature. The calculation method is the same as that of temperature.
Volume of Precipitation refers to the deepness of liquid state
or solid state (thawed) water falling from the sky to the ground that has not
been evaporated, infiltrated or run off. The calculation method is as follows:
Monthly precipitation is the summation of daily precipitation of a month.
Annual precipitation is the summation of 12 months precipitation of a
year.
Sunshine Hours refer to the actual hours of sun
irradiating the earth. The calculation method is the same as that of the
precipitation.