Brief Introduction
Data in this chapter show
the development of
I. Main Content and
Sources of Data of Education
The data on education
cover the situations on postgraduates, higher education (universities and
colleges), secondary education (senior and junior high schools), elementary
education (primary schools), preschool education, special education (schools
for the blind, deaf-mutes, and the retarded) and expenditure on education. The
main indicators cover the number of schools, the number of students enrolled,
the number of new students enrolled, the number of graduates, the number of
staff and workers, the number of full-time teachers,
sources and outlay of education fund, education expenditure from the state
budget.
The Ministry of Education
mainly provides statistical data on education and education funds. Data on the
technical training schools are provided by the Ministry of Labour
and Social Security.
Detailed information can
be found in “Statistical Yearbook on China Educational Undertakings”
compiled by Department of Planning and Development, Ministry of Education; and
the “Communiqué on the Implementation of National Education Funds”
compiled jointly by Ministry of Education, National Bureau of Statistics and
Ministry of Finance.
II. Main Content,
Sources of Data and Statistical Methodology of Science and Technology
Data on technology mainly
include: condition of professional scientific and technological personnel of
state-owned enterprises and institutions; scientific and technological
institutions with independent accounting system, scientific and technological
personnel in universities and colleges and various enterprises or institutions,
funds raising and expenditure on scientific and technological activities,
activities of R&D and scientific and technological achievements and prizes;
condition on applied and certified patent applications by services and
non-services both domestically and overseas; the situation of signed
technological contracts on technological market; scientific and technological
activities within scientific and technological system; major economic
indicators of high and new-tech industrial zones and the condition of
comprehensive technological service agencies and their business activities.
Statistical scope: data on
scientific and technological activities include all institutions of the society
engaged in those activities, they are mainly: large and medium-sized industrial
enterprises, scientific and technological institutions with independent
accounting system, universities and colleges, small industrial enterprises
above designated size, the construction enterprises with first grade,
transportation and telecommunication enterprises at and above prefecture level,
agricultural and health care institutions at and above prefecture level,
enterprises engaged in software development, units engaged in scientific and
technological services and so on.
Sources of data: data on
national level, various enterprises, medical and health care institutions and
agricultural undertakings are from National Bureau of Statistics; data on
scientific and technologic research institutions, technological markets and
high and new-tech industrial zones are from Ministry of Science and Technology;
data on scientific and technological activities in universities and colleges
are from Ministry of Education; data on scientific research institutions for
defense are from Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National
Defense. Department of Organization of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of China and National Bureau of Statistics provide the data on the number
of scientific and technological personnel. The China Association provides data
on the scientific and technological activities of the associations for science
and technology for Science and Technology. Data on the development of the
mapping, meteorology, seismology, ocean, supervision and checking of the
products quality and patents are provided separately by the National Bureau of
Surveying and Mapping, China Meteorological Administration, China Seismological
Bureau, National Bureau of Marine Administration, General Administration of
Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and State Intellectual Property
Office.
Statistical methodology:
data on industrial enterprises, scientific and technological institutions with
independent accounting system and scientific and technological activities of
universities and colleges are collected through complete surveys. Data on
scientific and technological association, mapping, meteorology, seismology,
ocean, supervision and checking of the products quality and patent applications
are through sample surveys and other surveys. Data on construction,
transportation, telecommunication, software industry, agriculture and health
care are from rolling survey system with 5 years as one cycle.
Changes of the statistical
scope of data on scientific and technological activities: before 2000, data
only included large and medium-sized industrial enterprises, scientific
research institutions with independent accounting system, and universities and
colleges. Since 2000 (inclusive), data include: small industrial enterprises,
construction sector, transportation sector, telecommunication sector, software
sector, agriculture and health care agencies.