Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Economically Active Population refers to the population aged 16 and over who are
capable to work, are participating in or willing to participate in economic
activities, including employed persons and unemployed persons.
Employed Persons refer to the persons aged 16 and over who
are engaged in social working and receive remuneration payment or earn business
income. This indicator reflects the actual utilization of total labour force during a certain period of time and is often
used for the research on
Persons Employed in
Various Units refer to all the persons working
in government agencies of various levels, political and party organizations,
social organizations, enterprises and institutions, and receiving wages or
other forms of payment. They include fully-employed staff and workers,
re-employed retirees, teachers in schools run by the local people, foreigners
and Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan working in various
units, part-time employees, employees of other units working temporarily at
current posts, and employees holding the second job, but exclude staff and
workers who have left their working units while keeping their labour contract (employment relation) unchanged. This
indicator reflects the total number of laborers actually engaged in production
or other operations in various units.
Persons Employed in
Private Enterprises and Self-Employed Individuals in Urban Areas
Persons employed in private enterprises refer to the persons employed in
the private enterprises which have been registered at the departments of
industrial and commercial administration and are situated at a county town
(i.e. a town where the county government is located) for business operation or
at urban areas with the level higher than a county town. The self-employed
individuals in urban areas refer to persons who hold the certificates of
residence in urban areas or have resided in the urban areas for a long time and
have been registered at the departments of industrial and commercial
administration and approved to be engaged in individual industrial or
commercial business, including self-employed persons as well as helpers and
hired labourers who work in the individual households
engaged in industrial or commercial business.
Registered Urban
Unemployed Persons refer to the persons with
non-agricultural household registration at certain working ages (16-50 years
for male and 16-45 years for females), who are capable of work, unemployed and
willing to work, and have been registered at the local employment service
agencies to apply for a job.
Registered Urban
Unemployment Rate refers to the ratio of the number
of the registered unemployed persons to the sum of the number of persons
employed in various units (minus the rural labour
force, retirees, and Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan or foreign employees they employ)
laid-off workers in urban units, owners and employees in urban private
enterprises, urban self-employed individuals and the registered urban
unemployed persons. The formula is as follows:
Registered urban
unemployment rate = number of registered urban unemployed persons÷(number
of persons employed in urban units - rural labour
force employed retirees employed -
Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan or foreign employees employ + laid-off workers +
owners and employees in urban private enterprises + self-employed individuals
in urban areas + registered urban unemployed persons) × 100%.
Staff and Workers refer to persons working in, and receive payment
from units of state ownership, collective ownership, joint ownership, share
holding ownership, foreign ownership, and ownership by entrepreneurs from
State-owned Units refer to economic units whose assets are owned
by the state. Included are non-corporation units registered according to Regulation
of the People抯 Republic of China on the Registration of
Enterprises and Corporations,
state organs, institutions and social organizations at the central and local
levels.
Collective-Owned Units
refer to economic units registered according to Regulation of the
People抯 Republic of China on the Registration of
Enterprises and Corporations
where the means of production are collectively owned.
Units of Other Types of
Ownership refer to units registered with other
types of ownership, including cooperative units, joint ownership units, limited
companies, share holding corporations, units invested by entrepreneurs from
Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and foreign-invested units.
Fully Employed Staff
and Workers refer to persons who work in, and
receive wages from their working units, as well as persons who have their work
posts, but are temporarily absent from work for reasons of study or on sick,
injury or maternal leave and still receive wages from their working units.
Total Wages Bill refer to the total remuneration payment to staff
and workers in various units during a certain period of time. The calculation
of total wages is based on the total remuneration payment to the staff and
workers. Therefore, all the wages and salaries and other payments to staff and
workers are included in the total wages regardless of their sources, category,
and forms (in kind or cash). (Total wages of staff and workers in this yearbook
include only total wages of fully employed staff and workers, excluding the
living allowances distributed to those who have left their working units while
keeping their labour contract/employment relation
unchanged).
Average Wage refers to the average wage in money terms per
person during a certain period of time for staff and workers in enterprises,
institutions, and government agencies, which reflects the general level of wage
income during a certain period of time and is calculated as follows:
Average Wage = Total Wages
of Staff and Workers at Reference Time /Average Number of Staff and Workers at
Reference Time.
Average Wage Indices refers to the ratio of average wage of staff and
workers in the report period to that in the base period, which reflects the
change of wage of staff and workers at the different period. It is calculated
as follows:
Average Wage Indices =
Average Wage of Staff and Workers at Reference Time / Average Wage of Staff and
Workers at Base Period x 100%
Average Real Wage Indices average real wage of staff and workers refers to the average
wage of staff and workers after removing the effects of the price changes and
average real wage indices of staff and workers refers to the change of real
wage, which reflects the relative increasing or decreasing level of real wage
of staff and workers, which is calculated as follows:
Average Real Wage Indices
= Average Wage Indices of Staff and Workers at the Reference Time / Urban
Consumer Price Indices at Reference Time x 100%
Professional Personnel refers to the persons who are engaged in
special professional work or in professional management who got the titles of a
professional post before 1983 or who were appointed to professional positions
since 1984.
Professional personnel
specifically refers to engineering professionals, agricultural professionals,
scientific research professionals (natural science researchers, social science
researchers and laboratory technicians), health professionals, teaching
professionals (including institutions of higher education, specialized
secondary schools, technical schools, regular secondary schools, and primary
schools), civil aviation professionals, nautical professionals, economic
professionals, accounting professionals, statistical professionals,
interpretation professionals, library professionals, archives professionals,
professionals of culture, arts and cultural relics, newsman and publishing
professionals, lawyers, notary professionals, radio and television announcers,
industrial arts professionals, sports professionals, artists and political
professionals.
Professional management
personnel specifically refers to the managers of enterprises and institutions,
the personnel engaged in the management of production, techniques, economic and
political aspects in the functional departments under the enterprise and
institution, production workshops and accessorial workshops (or accessorial
production units) under the enterprises.
Professional personnel
excluded the personnel managed by or according to the system of civil servants.