Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Reflects the total of goods produced and services provided annually in Macao, China. GDP in this statistical yearbook is estimated by using the expenditure and production approaches. The expenditure-based GDP is measured as the sum of private consumption expenditure, government final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, and net exports (exports less imports) of goods and services. The production-based GDP, which is measured as the sum of gross value added of all economic activities, can be used to evaluate the structure of the industrial sectors in Macao, China.

Infant Mortality Rate Deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births within the reference period.

Natural Growth Rate: Surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths per 1,000 residents of the average population within the reference period.

Crude Birth Rate Live births per 1,000 residents of the average population within the reference period.

Crude Mortality Rate Deaths per 1,000 residents of the average population within the reference period.

Regular Education Systematic academic programmes designed in principle, for children and juveniles to access / progress from pre-primary education to university. Three pre-requisites are set up:

-Programme duration of at least one academic year.

-Specific academic qualification for entrance.

-Examination or specific academic assessment procedures included.

Pre-primary Education Composed of 2 stages: infant education and the preparatory level for primary education.

(1)Infant education: Designed for children aged between 3-4 years old. Children aged 3 as at 31^st December of the year of enrolment are also eligible. No knowledge assessment tests are required for progression.

(2)Preparatory level for primary education: Designed for children aged 5 as at 31^st December of the year of enrolment. Progress examination is a pre-requisite for advancement access. This type of preparatory level is also called the third year of pre-primary education in some educational institutes.

Primary Education Lasts for 6 years. Children having completed the preparatory level or aged 6 as at 31^st December of the year of enrolment are eligible to the first year of primary education. The maximum age for primary education is 15.

Secondary Education It is divided into 2 stages: Junior secondary and senior secondary. Pre-university courses are also considered secondary education.

(1)Junior Secondary Education: For a duration of 3 years. Students having successfully completed the primary education are eligible. The maximum age for this level is 18 years old. However, under certain circumstances, the educational institutes can exercise their discretion to accept enrolment beyond the age limit.

(2)Senior Secondary Education: For a duration of 2-3 years. Students having successfully completed the junior secondary level are eligible. The maximum age for this level is 21. However, under certain circumstances, the educational institutes can exercise their discretion to accept enrolment beyond the age limit.

Vocational Technical Secondary Education Programmes aiming at training vocational technical personnels in elementary and intermediate levels.

Higher Education Degree or non-degree programmes offered by universities, polytechnical institutes or equivalent.

Special Education Programmes designed for students with mental, sensory, corporal or communication problems, etc.

Adult Education Practical programmes or courses, outside the regular education, organized for general participation, which are designed for individuals aged 15 and above.

Labour Force Total number of people aged 14 and above who are available to participate in the production of goods and services during the reference period. It comprises employed population and unemployed population.

Employed Population Total number of people aged 14 and above who have worked at least 1 hour during the reference period, for pay, profits or family gains, in cash or in kind. It also includes individuals who have a job and are absent from work but maintain a formal job attachment with the employer, or company owners who are temporarily not working due to specific reasons.

Unemployed Population Total number of people aged 14 and above during the reference period with all of the following conditions:

-Not having a job or any formal job attachment to an employer.

-Available for work with remuneration or running own business.

-Seeking work during the last 30 days.

Underemployed Population Refers to the employed population who, regardless of their status in employment, worked involuntarily for less than 35 hours during the reference period, and have sought or are available to take on additional work.

Labour Force Participation Rate The proportion of labour force in the resident population aged 14 and above in Macao, China.

Unemployment Rate The proportion of unemployed in the labour force.

Underemployment Rate The proportion of underemployed in the labour force.

Visitor Any person traveling to a place (ie Macao, China) other than his/her usual environment and whose main purpose of travel is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. The maximum length of stay has been amended from 3 consecutive months to 12 consecutive months since August 2000.

Hotel Occupancy Rate The percentage of rooms occupied by guests in the total number of available rooms.

Imports The entry of any commodities into Macao, China, except Re-imports and Transit.

Exports The outgoing from Macao, China, of any commodities, excluding Temporary Exports and Transit.

Domestic Exports The outgoing from Macao, China, of any commodities with the origin of Macao, China.

Re-exports The outgoing from Macao, China of any commodities previously imported, without any transformation or even with transformation, the commodities did not obtain the origin of Macao, China.

Transit Commodities passing through or transhiped in Macao, China for the exclusive purpose of transportation and with their next destination mentioned in the attached documents.

Country of Origin The country or territory where the crops were grown, the minerals were mined and the articles were manufactured wholly or partly. If partly, the origin is considered the country or territory responsible for the last phase of manufacture before the merchandise took its final form. Repacking, sorting or mixing are not considered a manufacture operation.

Country of Destination The final country or territory to which the goods are delivered, whether or not the transport has been interrupted, and without any commercial transaction in the transit country or territory.

Terms of Trade Index The ratio of the unit value index of exports to that of imports.

Housing Unit Division(s) or annex of a permanent building. Each housing unit has independent entrance of access to the common area of the building; can be legally registered with the property registry and can be independently transacted.

Gross Floor Area The sum of area of each floor in a building measured to the outer surface of the outer walls including the area of lobbies, stairs, lift landings and communal space (shared by 2 or more housing units).

Consumer Price Index Reflects the price change of a representative “basket” of goods and services consumed by families in Macao, China.

Money Supply (M1) Refers to the sum of currency in circulation and demand deposits.

Money Supply (M2) Refers to the sum of money supply M1 and quasi-monetary liabilities that consist of savings deposits, notice deposits, time deposits and certificates of deposits.

Financial Transactions Comprise financial assets and financial liabilities.