Brief Introduction
Data in this chapter show the development of
I. Main Content and Sources of Data of Education
The data on education cover the situations on postgraduates,
higher education (universities and colleges), secondary education (senior and
junior high schools), elementary education (primary schools), preschool
education, special education (schools for the blind, deaf-mutes, and the
retarded) and expenditure on education. The main indicators cover the number of
schools, the number of students enrolled, the number of new students enrolled,
the number of graduates, the number of staff and workers, the
number of full-time teachers, sources and outlay of education fund, education
expenditure from the state budget.
The Ministry of Education mainly provides statistical data on
education and education funds. Data on the technical training schools are
provided by the Ministry of Labour and Social
Security.
Detailed information can be found in “Statistical Yearbook
on China Educational Undertakings” compiled by Department of Planning and
Development, Ministry of Education; and the “Communiqué on the
Implementation of National Education Funds” compiled jointly by Ministry of
Education, National Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Finance.
II. Main Content, Sources of Data and statistical methodology
of science and technology
Data on technology mainly include: condition of professional
scientific and technological personnel of state-owned enterprises and
institutions; scientific and technological institutions with independent
accounting system, scientific and technological personnel in universities and
colleges and various enterprises or institutions, funds raising and expenditure
on scientific and technological activities, activities of R&D and
scientific and technological achievements and prizes; condition on applied and
certified patent applications by services and non-services both domestically
and overseas; the situation of signed technological contracts on technological
market; scientific and technological activities within scientific and
technological system; major economic indicators of high and new-tech industrial
zones and the condition of comprehensive technological service agencies and
their business activities.
Statistical scope: data on scientific and technological
activities include all institutions of the society engaged in those activities,
they are mainly: large and medium-sized industrial enterprises, scientific and
technological institutions with independent accounting system, universities and
colleges, small industrial enterprises above designated size, the construction
enterprises with first grade, transportation and telecommunication enterprises
at and above prefecture level, agricultural and health care institutions at and
above prefecture level, enterprises engaged in software development, units
engaged in scientific and technological services and so on.
Sources of data: data on national level, various enterprises,
medical and health care institutions and agricultural undertakings are from
National Bureau of Statistics; data on scientific and technologic research
institutions, technological markets and high and new-tech industrial zones are from
Ministry of Science and Technology; data on scientific and technological
activities in universities and colleges are from Ministry of Education; data on
scientific research institutions for defense are from Commission of Science,
Technology and Industry for National Defense. Department of Organization of the
Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and National Bureau of
Statistics provide the data on the number of scientific and technological
personnel. The China Association provides data on the scientific and
technological activities of the associations for science and technology for
Science and Technology. Data on the development of the mapping, meteorology,
seismology, ocean, supervision and checking of the products quality and patents
are provided separately by the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, China
Meteorological Administration, China Seismological Bureau, National Bureau of
Marine Administration, General Administration of Quality Supervision,
Inspection and Quarantine and State Intellectual Property Office.
Statistical methodology: data on industrial enterprises,
scientific and technological institutions with independent accounting system
and scientific and technological activities of universities and colleges are
collected through complete surveys, of which data on large and medium-sized
industrial enterprises are following the scheme of annual reporting system, and
that of small industrial enterprises above the designated size are reporting
the data every other year. Data on scientific and technological association,
mapping, meteorology, seismology, ocean, supervision and checking of the
products quality and patent applications are through sample surveys and other
surveys. Data on construction, transportation, telecommunication, software
industry, agriculture and health care are from rolling survey system with 5
years as one cycle.
Changes
of the statistical scope of data on scientific and technological activities:
before 2000, data only included large and medium-sized industrial enterprises,
scientific research institutions with independent accounting system, and
universities and colleges. Since 2000 (inclusive), data include: small
industrial enterprises, construction sector, transportation sector,
telecommunication sector, software sector, agriculture
and health care agencies.