Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Divisions of Administrative Areas refers to the division of
administrative areas by the state. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of
China stipulates that the administrative areas in China are divided as: 1) The
whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the central government; 2) Provinces and autonomous regions are
divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities;
3) Autonomous prefectures are divided into counties, autonomous counties and
cities; 4) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships,
nationality townships and towns; 5) Municipalities and large cities are divided
into districts and counties, 6) The state shall, when necessary, establish
special administrative regions.
Territory refers to territorial land, sea and
air space under the administration of the People’s Republic of
Climate
refers to the
natural environmental status formed by the long-term exchange of energy and
mass between the earth and the air, and is the results of interaction of many
factors. Climate is both one of the
environment factors and the important resources for the living and production
activities of the human being. The average values across several years of
meteorological factors such as temperature, rainfall and humidity are used as
important parameters to describe the climate of a region, while the average
values (or total values) of a given year or month of meteorological factors
reflect the key characteristics of climate for that period of time.
Natural Resources refer to material resources that
could be obtained from the nature by human being and used for production and
living. Natural resources in general can be classified as renewable resources
and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources refer to resources that could
be renewed and recycled during a relatively short period of time, including
land resource, water resource, climate resource, biology resource and marine
resource. Non-renewable resources include resources that could not be renewed,
such as minerals and geothermal resource.
Land Resource Land refers to the surface of the earth,
consisting of mainly rocks and its weathering and earth. Land resource can be
classified, by its utilization, as land for agriculture, land for construction
and unused land. Land for agriculture includes cultivated land, plantation
land, forestland, grassland and waters. Land for construction includes land for
residential purpose, for manufacturing and mining, for transportation and for
water-conservancy projects. Unused land refers to land other than land for
agriculture and construction, including beaches, deserts,
Area of Cultivated Land refers to area of land
reclaimed for the regular cultivation of various farm crops, including
crop-cover land, fallow, newly reclaimed land and land laid idle for less than
3 years.
Area of Afforested Land refer to land for trees bamboo, bushes
and mangrove, including forest-cover land, bush-covered land, sparse forest
land, land planned for afforestation and nurseries of
young trees.
Area of Grassland refers to areas of grassland,
grass-slopes and grass-covered hills with a vegetation-covering rate of over 5%
that are used for animal husbandry or harvesting of grass. It includes natural,
cultivated and improved grassland areas.
Forest Resource refers to
forests, trees, forestland and wild animals, plants and microorganism that live
on forest and trees. Trees include trees and bamboo.
Total Standing Stock Volume refers to the total stock volume of trees
growing in land, including trees in forest, tress in sparse forest, scattered
trees and trees planted by the side of villages, farm houses and along roads
and rivers.
Forest Area refers to the area of forest where
trees and bamboo grow with canopy density above 0.2, including land of natural
woods and planted woods, but excluding bush land and thin forest land. It
reflects the total areas of afforestation.
Stock Volume of Forest refers to total stock volume
of wood growing in forest area, which shows the total size and level of forest
resources of a country or a region. It is also an important indicator
illustrating the richness of forest resource and the status of forest
ecological environment.
Forest Coverage Rate refers to the ratio of area of
afforested land to total land area. It is a very important indicator that
reflects the status of abundance of forest resource and ecosystem balance.
Forest area includes the area of trees and bamboo grow with canopy density above
0.2, the area of shrubby tree according to regulations of the government, the
area of forest land inside farm land and the area of trees planted by the side
of villages, farm houses and along roads and rivers. The formula for
calculating forest coverage rate is as follows:
Forestry coverage
rate (%)= (Area of Afforested Land/Area of
Water Resource Water exists in the nature in
solid, liquid and gaseous states, is distributed in the ocean, land (including
earth) and air, and constitutes the water resource through the circulation of
water. Water resource includes the surface water and underground water that is
controlled by the human being for irrigation, power-generation, water supply,
navigation and cultivation. It also includes rivers, lakes, wells, springs,
tides, gulf and water area for cultivation. Water
resource as an important natural resource is indispensable for the development
of the national economy.
Surface Water and Underground Water Water on earth
can be divided into surface water and underground water according to its
distribution. Surface water refers to moisture exists in rivers, lakes, swamps,
glaciers, icecaps and so on. It is also called land water. The underground
water refers to water deposited underground in the cranny and the hole of
saturated rock soil and in the water-eroded cave.
Inland Water Area refers to water area of rivers,
lakes, ponds, reservoir, etc.
Ocean is the general name for sea and
ocean. Ocean refers to the main body of large salt water connected with the
earth. Sea refers to the edge areas of the salt water on the earth that are comparted or surrounded by land, island, reef or peninsula.
Marine Cultivatable Areas refer to water areas in beach,
shallow sea and lough that are used to breed marine
cash propagation, such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, alga
and so on.
Runoff refers to the water
gathered at the way out of the cross section of drainage area either from the
surface or underground after deducting the wastage of the precipitation on the
land. Runoff can be divided into surface runoff, underground runoff and within
soil runoff. Surface runoff refers to water flow to the rivers, lakes, swamps,
and seas on the surface of the earth. Underground runoff refers to water flow
to rivers, lakes, swamps, and seas through the water-bearing stratum of
confined layer or unconfined layer.
Volume of Runoff refers to the total volume of
water running through a certain cross section of a river during a certain
period of time, reflecting the water resource condition in a country or a
region. The formula for calculating volume or runoff is as follows:
Runoff =Precipitation-Evaporation
Mineral Resources refer to useful minerals that can
be used for industrial or agricultural purposes enriched in lithosphere or on
earth due to the geological process. Minerals are important natural resources,
and important material base for social development.
Ensured Mineral Reserves refer to the actual mineral
reserves, which equal to the proven mineral reserves (including industrial
reserves and prospective reserves) minus extracted parts and underground
losses.
Drainage Area Each river
has its own main stream and branches to form the water system of the river.
Each river has its own catchment’s area, which is also called as the drainage
area of the river.
Out-flowing Rivers refer to rivers directly or
indirectly flowing into the sea. The area providing water to the out-flowing
rivers is called as out-flowing area.
Inland Rivers refer to rivers in
inland dry areas that die away in desert on the way or infuse into inland
lakes. The area providing water to the inland rivers is called as inland area.
Continental Shelf refers to seabed and subsoil of sea floor
area that beyond the marginal sea of the coastal countries which stretches
naturally of its land territory to continent edge and its width is defined by
the United Nations Marine Convention. The continental shelf area is rich in
aquatic products, and its seabed contains petroleum, natural gas and other
mineral resources, which belong to the coastal countries. The continental shelf
of our country is the natural stretch of its land territory to the continent
edge besides the marginal sea of our country. It expands to the seabed and
subsoil of the sea floor area to the edge of the continent. If the distance
from the baseline of the marginal sea to the continent edge is less than 200
nautical miles, it can be expanded to 200 nautical miles.
Shallow Sea Cultivation refers to the breeding of marine
cash propagation in the cultivatable shallow sea.
Sea-beaches Cultivation refers to the level off the
ooze and mud in tideland to bank up and build dam to conduct marine
cultivation.
Harbor Cultivation refers to marine
cultivation conducted in harbors, bays, or the sea-beaches or marshes around
seaside and bayou by blocking the gate and banking up the dam.
Temperature refers to the air
temperature.
Monthly average temperature is the summation
of average daily temperature of one month divided by the actual days of that
particular month.
Annual average temperature is the summation
of monthly average of a year divided by 12 months.
Relative Humidity refers to the ratio of actual
water vapor pressure to the saturation water vapor density under the current
temperature. The statistical method is the same as that of temperature.
Volume of Precipitation refers to the deepness of liquid
state or solid state (thawed) water falling from the sky to the ground that has
not been evaporated, infiltrated or run off. The calculation method is as
follows:
Monthly precipitation is the summation of
daily precipitation of a month.
Annual precipitation is the summation of 12
months precipitation of a year.
Sunshine Hours refer to the actual hours of sun
irradiating the earth. The calculation method is the same as that of the
precipitation.