Employment and Wages
Economically Active Population refers to the population aged 16
and over who are capable to work, are participating in or willing to
participate in economic activities, including employed persons and unemployed
persons.
Employed Persons refer to the persons who
are engaged in social working and receive remuneration payment or earn business
income, including total staff and workers, re-employed retirees, employers of
private enterprises, self-employed workers, employees in private enterprises
and individual economy, employees in township enterprises, employed persons in
the rural areas, and other employed persons (including teachers in the schools
run by the local people, people engaged in religious profession and the
servicemen, etc.). This indicator reflects the actual utilization of total labour force during a certain period of time and is often
used for the research on
Persons Employed in
Various Units refer to all the persons working
in government agencies of various levels, political and party organizations,
social organizations, enterprises and institutions, and receiving wages or
other forms of payment. They include fully-employed staff and workers,
re-employed retirees, teachers in schools run by the local people, foreigners
and Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan working in various
units, part-time employees, employees of other units working temporarily at
current posts, and employees holding the second job, but exclude staff and
workers who have left their working units while keeping their labour contract (employment relation) unchanged. This
indicator reflects the total number of laborers actually engaged in production
or other operations in various units.
Persons Employed in
Private Enterprises and Self-Employed Individuals in Urban Areas Persons employed in private
enterprises refer to the persons employed in the private enterprises which have
been registered at the departments of industrial and commercial administration
and are situated at a county town (i.e. a town where the county government is
located) for business operation or at urban areas with the level higher than a
county town. The self-employed individuals in urban areas refer to persons who
hold the certificates of residence in urban areas or have resided in the urban
areas for a long time and have been registered at the departments of industrial
and commercial administration and approved to be engaged in individual
industrial or commercial business, including self-employed persons as well as
helpers and hired labourers who work in the
individual households engaged in industrial or commercial business.
Registered Urban
Unemployed Persons refer to
the persons with non-agricultural household registration at certain working
ages (16-50 years for male and 16-45 years for females), who are capable of
work, unemployed and willing to work, and have been registered at the local
employment service agencies to apply for a job.
Registered Urban
Unemployment Rate refers to
the ratio of the number of the registered unemployed persons to the sum of the
number of persons employed in various units (minus the rural labour force, retirees, and Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan or
foreign employees they employ) laid-off workers in urban units, owners and
employees in urban private enterprises, urban self-employed individuals and the
registered urban unemployed persons. The formula is as follows:
Registered urban unemployment rate = number of registered
urban unemployed persons÷(number of persons
employed in urban units - rural labour force employed
– retirees employed - Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan or foreign employees employ +
laid-off workers + owners and employees in urban private enterprises +
self-employed individuals in urban areas + registered urban unemployed persons)
× 100%.
Staff and Workers refer to persons working in,
and receive payment from units of state ownership, collective ownership, joint
ownership, share holding ownership, foreign ownership, and ownership by entrepreneurs
from
State-owned Units refer to economic units whose
assets are owned by the state. Included are non-corporation units registered
according to Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the
Registration of Enterprises and Corporations, state organs, institutions
and social organizations at the central and local levels.
Collective Units refer to economic units registered
according to Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the
Registration of Enterprises and Corporations where the means of production
are collectively owned.
Units of Other Types of
Ownership refer to units registered with other
types of ownership, including cooperative units, joint ownership units, limited
companies, share holding corporations, units invested by entrepreneurs from
Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and foreign-invested units.
Fully Employed Staff and
Workers refer to persons who work in, and
receive wages from their working units, as well as persons who have their work
posts, but are temporarily absent from work for reasons of study or on sick,
injury or maternal leave and still receive wages from their working units.
Total Wages Bill refer to the total remuneration
payment to staff and workers in various units during a certain period of time.
The calculation of total wages is based on the total remuneration payment to
the staff and workers. Therefore, all the wages and salaries and other payments
to staff and workers are included in the total wages regardless of their
sources, category, and forms (in kind or cash). (Total wages of staff and
workers in this yearbook include only total wages of fully employed staff and
workers, excluding the living allowances distributed to those who have left
their working units while keeping their labour
contract/employment relation unchanged).
Average Wage refers to the average wage in
money terms per person during a certain period of time for staff and workers in
enterprises, institutions, and government agencies, which reflects the general
level of wage income during a certain period of time and is calculated as
follows:
Average Wage = Total Wages of Staff and Workers at Reference
Time /Average Number of Staff and Workers at Reference Time.
Average Wage Indices refers to the ratio of average
wage of staff and workers in the report period to that in the base period,
which reflects the change of wage of staff and workers at the different period.
It is calculated as follows:
Average Wage Indices = Average Wage of Staff and Workers at Reference
Time / Average Wage of Staff and Workers at Base Period x 100%
Average Real Wage Indices average real wage of staff and workers
refers to the average wage of staff and workers after removing the effects of
the price changes and average real wage indices of staff and workers refers to
the change of real wage, which reflects the relative increasing or decreasing
level of real wage of staff and workers, which is calculated as follows:
Average Real Wage Indices = Average Wage Indices of Staff and
Workers at the Reference Time / Urban Consumer Price Indices at Reference Time
x 100%
Professional Personnel refers to the persons who
are engaged in special professional work or in professional management who got
the titles of a professional post before 1983 or who were appointed to
professional positions since 1984.
Professional personnel specifically refers to engineering
professionals, agricultural professionals, scientific research professionals
(natural science researchers, social science researchers and laboratory
technicians), health professionals, teaching professionals (including
institutions of higher education, specialized secondary schools, technical schools,
regular secondary schools, and primary schools), civil aviation professionals,
nautical professionals, economic professionals, accounting professionals,
statistical professionals, interpretation professionals, library professionals,
archives professionals, professionals of culture, arts and cultural relics,
newsman and publishing professionals, lawyers, notary professionals, radio and
television announcers, industrial arts professionals, sports professionals,
artists and political professionals.
Professional management personnel specifically refers to the
managers of enterprises and institutions, the personnel engaged in the
management of production, techniques, economic and political aspects in the
functional departments under the enterprise and institution, production
workshops and accessorial workshops (or accessorial production units) under the
enterprises.
Professional personnel excluded the
personnel managed by or according to the system of civil servants.