Domestic Trade
Total Retail Sales of
Consumer Goods refer to the sum of retail sales of
commodities sold by wholesale, retail, catering, publishing, post and
telecommunications and other service industries to urban and rural households
for private consumption and to social institutions for public consumption.
Retail sales of consumer goods include:
1)
Sales by wholesale and retail units:
a)
of consumer goods sold to urban and rural households
b)
of commodities sold to foreigners, overseas Chinese and
Chinese compatriots from
c)
of commodities sold to government
agencies, institutions, social organizations, military and armed police units,
and commodities sold to enterprises in the form of retail sales. More
specifically, they include: office facilities and articles for non-production
purposes such as communications equipment, computing equipment and instruments,
TV and network equipment, printing and copying equipment, audio-visual
equipment and instruments, paper, notebooks, stationeries, furniture, electric
appliances, knitwear, sanitation and cleaning articles, cultural and sport
articles, articles for prizes, souvenirs, etc.; transport vehicles and fuels
for employees; materials, spare parts and tools for the maintenance of office
facilities; equipment, fuels, materials and food for winter heating or summer
cooling purposes; articles and equipment for teaching purpose; Chinese and
western medicines and medical equipment and facilities purchased by non
profit-making medical institutes; non-specialized work safety articles; cooking
utensils, tableware, equipment, cleaning articles, food and fuels purchased by
internal cafeterias; clothes and personal articles purchased by military or
armed police units for their officials and soldiers; and other equipment and
articles for non-production purposes.
2)
Sales of stable food, cooked dishes, beverages, tobaccos and
other articles by catering units.
3)
Sales of books, newspapers, magazines, audio-visual products
and post products by publishing, post and telecommunications departments to
urban and rural households and to enterprises, institutions, military and armed
police units.
4)
Sales of food, beverages, tobaccos, clothing, hats, footwear,
articles for daily use, medicines, medical and health articles, work of art,
handicrafts, toys, funeral articles and other articles by other service
industries.
Purchase, Sales and Stock of Commodities by
Wholesale and Retail Trades refer to the total volume
of commodities purchased, total volume of sales and exports, and the stock of
commodities by wholesale and retail enterprises (establishments) of different
status of registration from domestic and overseas markets. This indictor
reflects the relationship among purchase, sales and stock of commodities in the
circulation of goods and reveals the existing problems.
Total Purchases of
Commodities
refer to the total value of purchases of commodities by the enterprises (establishments)
from other establishments or individuals (including direct import from abroad)
for the purpose of re-selling, either with or without further processing of the
commodities purchased. This indicator is used to show the total value of
purchases of commodities by wholesale and retail establishments from domestic
and overseas markets. The total purchases include: (1) agricultural and
industrial products purchased from producers; (2) books, magazines and
newspapers purchased from distribution departments of the publishers; (3)
commodities purchased from wholesale and retail establishments of different
status of registration; (4) commodities purchased from other units, such as
surplus materials purchased from government agencies, enterprises or
institutions, commodities purchased from catering and service establishments,
confiscated goods purchased from customs authorities or market management
agencies, second-hand goods and wastes purchased from residents; and (5)
commodities directly imported from abroad. Excluded are commodities purchased
by enterprises (establishments) for use in their own business operation,
commodities obtained without buying or selling procedures, rejected
commodities, etc.
Total Sales of Commodities refer to value of
commodities sold by the establishments to other establishments and individuals
(including direct export). This indicator is used to show the total value of
sales of commodities at domestic markets and export. The total sales include:
(1) commodities sold to urban and rural residents and social groups for their
consumption; (2) commodities sold to establishments in industry, agriculture,
construction, transportation, post and telecommunications, wholesale and retail
trades, catering trade and public utility for their production and operation;
(3) commodities sold to wholesale and retail establishments for re selling,
with or without further processing;
and (4)commodities for direct export to other countries. Excluded are
selling of waste packaging materials used by the establishments (units)
themselves, commodities transferred without buying or selling procedures,
commission income from brokerage in transactions whose settlement is directly
handled by buyers and sellers, rejected commodities in the purchase, loss in
commodities, etc.
Commodity Stock of
Wholesale and Retail Enterprises refers to total commodities possessed by wholesale
and retail enterprises (units) of various types of registration status at the
end of the reference period, which reflects the commodity stock level of
various wholesale and retail enterprises and the potential for market supply.
It includes: (1) commodities located in storage, garages, counters, and shelves
of operating units (such as sale stores, wholesale centers, and operating
offices) of wholesale and retail enterprises; (2) commodities in the process of
selecting, sorting, and packing; (3) commodities not arrived but recorded as
purchase in the account, i.e. commodities not arrived but payment receipts for
the commodities from the sellers or the banks arrived; (4) commodities
deposited in other places rather than places mentioned above, for instance:
commodities in the hold of purchasers temporarily due to the refusal of payment
and commodities not taken back after going through the formalities; (5)
commodities entrusted to other units to sell but not sold yet; (6) commodities
purchased for other units but not delivered yet. Commodities not included as
stock are those not owned by the enterprises (units), those allocated to
financially independent factories rather than wholesale and retail enterprises
for processing but not taken back yet, and finally those put in stock by
wholesale and retail enterprises on behalf of the state material reserves
units.
For
the calculation of the value of commodities stock, the value is calculated at
purchasing prices in agricultural goods purchasing units and wholesale units,
and at the accounting prices in retail units.
Business Income of Catering Industry: refer to the total turnover of catering businesses,
establishments or individuals, including retail sales and other services
income. It reflects the operational and managerial conditions and development
trend of catering businesses, establishments and individuals in this sector.
Retail Sales of Commodities in Catering Industry: refer to retail sales to residents and
social groups by catering enterprises, establishments and individual,
including: (1) various food sold after cooking and processing, such as: staple
food, cooked dishes, cold and dressed dishes and so on. (2) re-selling
commodities without further processing, such as beverages, tobaccos, cooked
food, fruits and so on. (3) food and other commodities
sold in affiliated shops without independent accounting system.
Volume of Transaction at Consumer Goods
Markets refers to the
value of transaction of all goods at consumer goods markets in the country,
including both markets for farm and sideline products and for industrial
consumption goods.
Volume of Transaction at Large Commodity Markets (with transaction
value over 100 million yuan) refers
to markets approved by the industrial and commercial administration
departments, which specialize in wholesale and retail of commodities with an
annual sales of over 100 million yuan. The sum of sales of all sellers in the
markets makes up the transaction value of the markets.
Chain Enterprises
(also called chain stores or chain corporations) refer to a form of joint
economic entities under which scattered enterprises or establishments engaged
in providing homogeneous commodities or services, with the central leadership
of core enterprise or headquarters and guided by common policies, conduct
centralized purchase and distributed selling of commodities, in order to gain
better efficiency through standardized operation. Consisting of a number of
branch stores, the chain stores have in general following features: 1)
homogeneous commodities, 2) unique name of stores, 3) centralized purchase and
delivery which is separated from distributed selling operation (most
commodities are delivered from the headquarters except some items which, from
logistics, quality or freshness considerations, might be delivered by the
suppliers directly).
Chain
stores have two categories:
a)
Chain stores under direct management: These are formal chain stores invested or
controlled by the headquarters. They operate under the direct and unified
management from the headquarters.
b)
Chain stores through license arrangement: Through contracts, chain stores
(their owners) obtain licenses from the headquarters to use designated trade
marks, names, operation know-how, and to sell the commodity developed by the
headquarters. Under this arrangement, each store in the chain is an independent
legal entity and operates under the guidance from the headquarters.