Agriculture
Gross Output Value of Farming,
Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery
refers to the total value of products of farming, forestry, animal
husbandry and fishery, and total value of services rendered to support farming,
forestry, animal husbandry and fishery activities. It reflects the total scale
and results of agricultural production during a given period. Prior to 1957,
Chinas gross agricultural output value included barnyard manure and handicraft
products for self-consumption (clothes, shoes, stockings, and initial grain
processing undertaken by peasants). Since 1958, cutting and felling of bamboo
and trees by villages and other cooperative organizations under villages have
been included in forestry; value of barnyard manure has been excluded from
animal husbandry; self consumed handicrafts has been excluded from sideline
occupations, while the output value of industries run by villages and
cooperative organizations under village had been included in sideline occupations and the
output value of fish catches by motor fishing boats has been added to fishery.
Since 1980, the value of handicraft products made for sale by individuals in
households had been added to sideline occupations. Since 1984, industries run
by villages and under villages have been included in the sector of industry.
Since 1993, the subdivision of sideline occupations has been canceled, and the
hunting of wild animals has been classified into animal husbandry, and the
gathering of wild plants and commodity industry run by rural household have
been included in farming. A new industrial classification of economic
activities was introduced in 2003. Under the new classification, value of
services to farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is included in the
gross output value of agriculture, value of wood felling and transport is
included in forestry, value of industrial output by rural households is not
included in agriculture, and the collection of wild forest products is taken
from agriculture and included in the forestry. The first agriculture census of
Gross
output value of agriculture is obtained by first multiplying the output of each
product or by product by its price, resulting in the output value of each
single item. For a small number of products, annual output of which is not
available or difficult to get due to the long production (growing) process
involved, the output value is estimated through an indirect approach. The sum
of output value of all products of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and
fishery is then equal to the gross output value of agriculture.
Grain Output refers to the total output in the whole
country including grains produced by state farms, collective units, rural
households, as well as by farms affiliated to industrial and mining enterprises
and other production units. Grain includes rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet
and other miscellaneous grains as well as tubers and bean. Output of beans
refers to dry beans without pods. The output of tubers (sweet potatoes and
potatoes, not including taros and cassava) was converted into that of grain at
the ratio 4:1, i.e. 4 kilograms of fresh tubers was equivalent to 1 kilogram of
grain up to 1963. Since 1964 the ratio for conversion has been 5:1. Tubers
supplied as vegetables (such as potatoes) in cities and suburbs are calculated
as fresh vegetables and their output is not included in the output of grain.
Output of all other grains refers to husked grain. Data on grain production before
1989 were obtained through Comprehensive Statistical Reporting System. Since
1989, data from sample surveys are used.
Cotton Output refers to the cotton production in the
whole country including cotton sown in spring and in autumn. Output is measured
as the weight of ginned cotton. Three kilograms of seed-cotton are equivalent
to 1 kilogram of ginned cotton, excluding ceiba.
Output of Oil-bearing Crops refers to the total production of
oil-bearing crops of various kinds, including peanuts, (dry, in shell) rapeseeds,
sesame, sunflower seeds, flax seeds, and other oil-bearing crops. Soybeans,
oil-bearing woody plants, and wild oil-bearing crops are not included.
Output of Aquatic Products refers to catches of both artificially
cultured and naturally grown aquatic products, including fish, shrimps, crabs
and shellfish in sea and inland water as well as seaweed. Freshwater plants are
not included. Data on output of
aquatic products are reported by aquatic product and statistical agencies level
by level. Before 1995, among the shellfish, the oyster was counted as fresh meat; 5 kilograms of ark shell,
clams and frogs are equivalent to 1 kilogram of fresh aquatic products; they
are all counted as fresh aquatic products since 1996.
Output of Pork, Beef, and Mutton refers to the meat of slaughtered hogs,
cattle, sheep and goats with head, feet, and offal taken away. Data refers to
the production of the whole country. The first agriculture census of
Number of Livestock or Poultry in
Stock at Beginning (or End) refers to the total number of large animals, pigs, sheep,
fowls, etc. raised by rural cooperative organizations, state farms, rural
individuals, government agencies, schools, industrial and mining enterprises,
army, and urban residents at the beginning (or end) of the reference period.
Data reporting system and data adjustment are the same as that in the output of
pork, beef and mutton.
Regularly Cultivated Land refers to farmland among
the total land resources, which is exclusively used for farming and is under
regular cultivation with harvest in normal years. Included are currently
cultivated land, land that has been abandoned or put in idle for less than 3
years and could be re-used for cultivation at any time, and new-claimed land
that has been put into cultivation for more than 3 years. According to
statistical coverage, it includes the gouges, dykes, roads and ridges of field
with 1 meter wide in Southern areas and 2 meters wide in Northern areas. Excluded
under this category are steep slope land over 25 degrees under temporary
cultivation, land (large or small plots) that is claimed along river bends,
lake sides or banks of reservoirs, as well as land that has been designated
under the "Green for Grain" programmes of the state and provincial
governments but is still temporarily under cultivation. The regularly
cultivated land is the key protection land of the nation, an important
indicator reflecting the comprehensive productivity of agriculture of
Sown Area of Crops refers to area of land sown or
transplanted with crops regardless of being in cultivated area or
non-cultivated area. Area of land re-sown due to natural disasters is also
included. This is an important indicator that can reflect the utilization
condition of the cultivated land in
Irrigated Area refers to areas that are effectively
irrigated, i.e. level land, which has water source and complete sets of
irrigation facilities to lift and move adequate water for irrigation purpose
under normal conditions. Under normal conditions, irrigated area is the sum of
watered fields and irrigated fields where irrigation systems or equipment have
been installed for regular irrigation purpose. This important indicator
reflects drought resistance capacity of the cultivated land in
Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers
in Agriculture
refers to the quantity of chemical fertilizers applied in agriculture in the
year, including nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash
fertilizer, and compound fertilizer. The consumption of chemical fertilizers is
required in calculation to convert the gross weight into weight containing 100%
effective component (e.g. 100% nitrogen content in nitrogenous fertilizer, 100%
phosphorous pent oxide contents in phosphate fertilizer, 100% potassium oxide
contents in potash fertilizer). Compound fertilizer is converted with its major
component. The formula is :
Volume of
effective component= physical quantity x effective component of certain
chemical fertilizer (%)
Total Power of Farm Machinery
refers to total mechanical power of machinery used in farming, forestry,
animal husbandry, and fishery, including ploughing, irrigation and drainage,
harvesting, transport, plant protection, stock breeding, forestry and fishery.
The power of internal combustion engines is required to convert horsepower into
watts and the power of electric motors is required to be converted into watts.
Machinery employed for non-agricultural purposes, such as the machines used in
township run and village-run industry, construction, non-agricultural
transport, scientific experiments and teaching, is excluded. Data are mainly
from agricultural machinery agencies.
Rural Employed Persons refer to
rural labor forces aged over 16 years old who are engaged in real production
and management activities and receive payment in kind or wages, including those
covered within the age frame and regularly participating in production
activities, and those who are out of the range of age frame and also
participating in production activities regularly. Excluding students studying
in other places with their permanent residence registered in local areas,
servicemen and persons incapable of working; also excluding those who are
waiting for jobs and those engaged in household work. Persons employed are
classified as rural employed persons; industrial employed persons; construction
industry employed persons; transport, storage and telecommunications industries
employed persons; whole sales and retail sales trade and catering industry
employed persons and others according to the longest period of employment in
major activities (or using income indicator when period of employment is the
same).