24-24    Exchange Rates
(MOP to one unit of foreign currency)
Items	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Average for the Year
Australian Dollar	5.9341	5.0203	5.1574	4.6739	4.1598
Euro ①	9.0177	8.9532	8.5277	7.4183	7.1962
South Korean Won	0.0086	0.0057	0.0067	0.0071	0.0062
Spanish Peseta	0.0545	0.0535	0.0513	0.0446	0.0433
US Dollar	7.9749	7.9788	7.9918	8.026	8.0335
Taiwan Dollar	0.2788	0.2384	0.2477	0.2574	0.2379
French Franc	1.3679	1.3537	1.3	1.1309	1.0971
Pound Sterling	13.0709	13.2203	12.9284	12.1663	11.5698
Hong Kong Dollar	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03
Japanese Yen	0.0661	0.0611	0.0704	0.0745	0.06618
Malaysian Ringgit	2.8954	2.0387	2.1031	2.1121	2.1141
New Zealand Dollar	5.2849	4.2816	4.2315	3.6684	3.3813
Portuguese Escudo	0.0456	0.0443	0.0425	0.037	0.0359
Deutsche Mark	4.6049	4.5381	4.3601	3.7929	3.6794
P.R. China Renminbi	0.962	0.9637	0.9654	0.9695	0.9706
Singapore Dollar	5.3851	4.772	4.716	4.6553	4.4867
Swiss Franc	5.502	5.509	5.3278	4.759	4.7638
As at End of Year
Australian Dollar	5.2075	4.9001	5.2096	4.4888	4.102
Euro ①	8.8196	9.3113	8.0489	7.5665	7.0936
South Korean Won	0.0046	0.0067	0.007	0.0064	0.0061
Spanish Peseta	0.0527	0.0559	0.0484	0.0455	0.0426
US Dollar	7.9815	7.9799	8.0049	8.0337	8.0313
Taiwan Dollar	0.2448	0.2476	0.2546	0.2426	0.229
French Franc	1.3327	1.4164	1.2271	1.1535	1.0814
Pound Sterling	13.2297	13.2586	12.9559	11.9951	11.6398
Hong Kong Dollar	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03
Japanese Yen	0.0614	0.0695	0.0782	0.0702	0.0611
Malaysian Ringgit	2.0518	2.0999	2.1066	2.1141	2.1135
New Zealand Dollar	4.6392	4.2234	4.1682	3.5629	3.335
Portuguese Escudo	0.0436	0.0463	0.0401	0.0377	0.0354
Deutsche Mark	4.4596	4.7478	4.1153	3.8688	3.6269
P.R. China Renminbi	0.964	0.9639	0.9669	0.9706	0.9704
Singapore Dollar	4.7608r	4.8086r	4.8054	4.6344	4.3402
Swiss Franc	5.4865	5.7721	5.0165	4.9865	4.7942
Notes: Pataca (MOP) is the legal tender in the Macao Special Administrative Region, as stated in "The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative
Region of the People's Republic of China". Foreign currency refers to any currency other than the Pataca. Accordingly P.R. China Renminbi is
also treated as foreign currency.
①Quotations before 1/1/1999 referred to the ECU of the European Union.