20-40    Basic Statistics on Higher Education for Scientific and
Technological Activities
Item	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
S&T Personnel (10 000 person)	32.6	34.5	34.2	35.2	36.6
Scientists and Engineers	31.2	31.1	32.9	31.5	35.9
R&D Institutions (unit)	3306	3241	3124	3735	3481
Full-time Equivalent of R&D Personnel	16.6	16.9	17.6	15.9	17.1
(10 000 man-year)
Scientists and Engineers	15.7	16.1	16.8	14.7	16.8
Fundamental Research	4.3	4.6	4.7	5.1	5.1
Applied Research	9.2	9.3	9.8	8.7	9.2
Experimental Development	3.0	3	3.1	2.1	2.8
Sources of Funds for S&T (100 million yuan)	73.1	85.0	102.9	166.8	200.0
Government Funds	36.5	41.1	49.2	97.5	109.8
From Enterprises		36.8	53.2	55.5	72.5
Bank Loans	0.7		0.5	1.4	1.0
Intramural Expenditure for S&T (100 million yuan)	63.0	73.2	85.1	137.1	165.9
Labor Expenses	8.1	7.1	8.9	28.5	29.8
Expenses on Fixed Assets	12.6	13.2	17.0	27.4	51.3
R&D Expenditure	57.7	57.2	63.5	76.7	102.4
Fundamental Research	9.7	9.5	11.4	17.8	17.0
Applied Research	31.6	31.4	37.7	40.0	59.0
Experimental Development	16.4	16.3	14.4	18.9	26.4