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Appendix 2-18 Expenditures
on Research and Experimental Development |
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Source:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization "Statistical
Yearbook" 1999. |
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(national currency
units) |
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Country or Territory |
Year |
As % of GNP |
per Capita |
Annual Average |
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Expenditure |
Expenditure |
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(%) |
on R & D |
per R & D Scientist |
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or Engineer |
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United States
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(Dollar) |
1996 |
2.64 |
720 |
177625① |
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Japan
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(Yen) |
1996 |
2.80 |
112549 |
22928184 |
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Germany
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(Mark) |
1997 |
2.41 |
1061 |
344051① |
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United Kingdom
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(Pound) |
1996 |
1.95 |
246 |
100278 |
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France
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(Franc) |
1997 |
2.25 |
3140 |
1184090① |
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Italy
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(Lire) |
1997 |
2.21 |
358271 |
236495195① |
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Canada |
(Dollar) |
1997 |
1.66 |
446 |
154838① |
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Australia
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(Dollar) |
1996 |
1.80 |
480 |
142768 |
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Russian Federation |
(Rouple) |
1996 |
0.88 |
131150 |
34504406 |
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Czech Rep.
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(Koruna) |
1997 |
1.20 |
1891 |
1548283 |
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Poland
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(Zloty) |
1996 |
0.77 |
72 |
52625 |
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Hungary
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(Forint) |
1996 |
0.68 |
4404 |
4312971 |
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Romania
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(Lei) |
1995 |
0.72 |
22442 |
10652279③ |
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Bulgaria
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(Leva) |
1996 |
0.57 |
1083 |
620162 |
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Yugoslavia F.R. |
(New
dinar) |
1995 |
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43912 |
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India
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(Rupee) |
1994 |
0.73 |
75 |
499698 |
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Indonesia
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(Rupiah) |
1995 |
0.10 |
2156 |
8092983⑤ |
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Philippines
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(Peso) |
1992 |
0.22① |
47 |
295236 |
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Thailand
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(Baht) |
1996 |
0.13 |
94 |
915558 |
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Malaysia
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(Ringgit) |
1996 |
0.24 |
27 |
290069 |
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Singapore
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(Dollar) |
1995 |
1.13 |
412 |
177592 |
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Pakistan
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(Rupee) |
1987 |
0.92 |
51 |
840050④ |
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Turkey |
(Lira) |
1996 |
0.45 |
1070526 |
3688259065 |
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Korea, Rep.of
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(Won) |
1996 |
2.82 |
239896 |
109400803 |
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Egypt
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(Pound) |
1996 |
0.22 |
8 |
36164② |
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Nigeria
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(Naira) |
1987 |
0.09 |
2 |
75809 |
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Mexico
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(New
peso) |
1995 |
0.33 |
63 |
292645 |
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Brazil
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(Reai) |
1995 |
0.84 |
33 |
194140 |
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Argentina
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(Peso) |
1995 |
0.38 |
30 |
44914 |
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①Data refer to 1995. ②Data refer to 1991. ③Data refer to 1994. ④Estimate. ⑤Data refer
to 1988. |
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