2-5 Indicators on Proportions and Efficiency in National Economic
and Social Development
Item	1985	1990	1995	2000
Population and Employment
Population
Birth Rate (‰)	21.04	21.06	17.12
Death Rate (‰)	6.78	6.67	6.57
Natural Growth Rate (‰)	14.26	14.39	10.55
Employment
Dependency Ratio	1.12	0.79	0.78	0.56
Employment Ratio by Type of Industry
(Employment in primary industry=100)
Primary Industry	100	100	100	100
Secondary Industry	33.5	35.5	44.1	45.0
Tertiary Industry	26.8	30.8	47.5	55.0
Unemployment Rate in Urban Areas (%)	1.8	2.5	2.9	3.1
Macro Economy
National Accounting
Ratio of Value-added by Type of Industry
(Value added in primary industry=100)
Primary Industry	100	100	100	100
Secondary Industry	152.1	153.8	238.0	320.1
Tertiary Industry	100.6	115.9	149.6	209.0
Overall Labor Productivity (yuan/person)	1797	2902	8606	12566
Primary Industry	817	1306	3381	3995
Secondary Industry	3711	5652	18261	28414
Tertiary Industry	3061	4915	10651	15181
Per Capita GDP (yuan)	853	1634	4854	7078
Investment in Fixed Assets
Proportion of Investment in Fixed Assets to
GDP (%)	20.2	24.4	34.2	36.8
Rate of Total Floor Space of Buildings	82.0	78.6	67.7	68.6
Completed in Construction (%)
Rate of Fixed Assets Completed in Capital	68.2	80.0	63.7	77.7
Construction and Put Into Use (%)
Rate of Projects Completed in Capital	50.7	53.8	57.0	57.7
Construction and Put Into Use (%)
Finance
Proportion of Government Revenue to GDP (%)	22.4	15.8	10.7	15.0
Proportion of Government Expenditures to
GDP (%)	22.4	16.6	11.7	17.8
Proportion of Local Government Revenue to	160.5	196.0	91.7	91.7
Central Government Revenue (%)
Proportion of Local Government Expenditure	152	207	242	188
to Central Government Expenditure (%)
Proportion of Extra-budgetary Receipt to
Government Revenue (%)	76.3	92.2	38.6
Price Index
Overall Industrial and Farm Products Price	66.6	62.8	52.0	67.8
Parity Index (use 1978=100 index)
Utilization of Foreign Capital
Proportion of Foreign Capital Actually Used to
Total Amount of Foreign Capital for Utilization	47.1	85.1	46.6	114.1
by Signed Contracts or Agreements (%)
Production and Consumption of Energy
Elasticity Ratio of Energy Production	0.73	0.58	0.83
Elasticity Ratio of Energy Consumption	0.60	0.47	0.66
Energy Consumption per 10 000 yuan GDP(ton)	8.6	5.2	2.2	1.4
Industries
Agriculture
Per Capita Cultivated Land (hectare)	0.09	0.08	0.08
Cultivated Land per Agricultural Laborer(hectare)	0.33	0.29	0.29
Total Power of Agricultural Machinery per	2.09	3	3.8
Hectare of Cultivated Land (kw)
Electric Power Consumption per Hectare of	510	883	1743
Cultivated Land (kwh)
Chemical Fertilizer Consumption per Hectare	178	271	378
of Cultivated Land (kg)
Agricultural Output Value per Hectare of	2510	5178	12514
Cultivated Land (yuan)
Output of Farm Products per Agricultural
Laborer (kg)
Grain	1222	1357	1435	1405
Cotton	13.4	13.7	14.7	13.4
Oil-bearing Crops	50.9	49.1	69.2	89.8
Meat				186.2
Aquatic Products	22.7	37.6	77.4	130.1
Output of Farm Crops per Hectare of Sown
Area (kg)
Grain	3483	3933	4240	4261
Cotton	810	810	879	1093
Oil-bearing Crops	1338	1480	1572	1919
Economic Efficiency of Industry
Ratio of Total Assets to Industrial Output Value (%)			9.19	9.00
Assets-Liability Ratio (%)			65.31	60.81
Ratio of Profits to Industrial Cost (%)			3.21	5.56
Number of Times of Annual of Turnover			1.58	1.62
Circulating Funds (times/year)
Overall Labor Productivity (yuan/person-year)
(in terms of value-addedper employee)			18477	45679
Construction
Value of Machinery per Laborer (yuan/person)		2467	4264	6304
Ratio of Per-tax Profits to Gross Output Value (%)		5.4	4.2	4.6
Overall Labor Productivity (yuan/person)
(in terms of gross output value per employee)		13109	38680	59585
Transportation
Elasticity of Passenger Traffic	1.26	-	0.69	0.75
Elasticity of Freight Traffic	0.3	-	0.44	0.63
Railway Density (km/10000 sq.km)	57.3	60.2	62.2	71.6
Highway Density (km/10000 sq.km)	982	1071	1205	1461
Railway Freight Traffic Density (ton/km)	23765	26069	27781	25913
Highway Freight Traffic Density (ton/km)	5709	7041	8128	7406
Cargo Handled at Seaports per Berth (10 000 tons)	84	50	63	86
Post and Communication Services
Elasticity of Postal and Telecommunication Services	1.35	33.15	4.16	5.49
Access to Telephones, National (set/100 persons)	0.6	1.1	4.7	20.1
Access to Telephones, Urban (set/100 persons)	3.2	6.4	15.8	39.2
Domestic Trade
Per Capita Retail Sales of Consumer Goods (yuan)	17681	25852	50213	72380
Foreign Trade
Proportion of Total Imports & Exports to
GDP (%)	23.1	30.0	40.2	43.9
International Tourism
Expenditure per International Tourist in	70	81	188	194
China (USD)
Finance and Insurance
Bank Deposits as Percentage of GDP (%)				138.5
Bank Loans as Percentage of GDP (%)				111.1
Proportion of Cash Outlay to Cash Receipt
in Bank (%)				100.4
Education, Science and Technology and Culture
Education
Rate of School-age Children Enrollment (%)	96.0	97.8	98.5	99.1
Rate of Graduates of Primary Schools	68.4	74.6	90.8	94.9
Entering Junior Secondary Schools (%)
Rate of Graduates of Junior Secondary	41.7	40.6	48.3	51.1
Schools Entering Senior Secondary Schools (%)
Student-teacher Ratio(in percentage) (%)
Colleges and Universities	5.0	5.2	7.2	12.0
Secondary Schools	17.2	14.6	15.9	18.0
Primary Schools	24.9	21.9	23.3	22.2
Science and Technology
R&D Expenditures as Percentage of GDP (%)
		0.71	0.60	1.00
Culture
Number of Troupes per Million Persons	3.13	2.45	2.21	2.08
Number of Public Libraries per Million Persons	2.21	2.21	2.16	2.11
Number of Museums per Million Persons	0.67	0.89	0.99	1.10
Family, People's Livelihood and Environment
Family
Dependency Ratio of Children (%)	43.73*	41.52	40.16	32.64
Dependency Ratio of the Aged (%)	8.33*	8.37	10.06	9.92
Marriages and Divorces
Divorce Rate (‰)	0.88	1.38	1.75	1.91
People's Livelihood
Proportion of Growth Rate of Annual Income of	0.36	0.46	0.67	0.74
Urban Residents to the Growth Rate of Annual
Net Income of Rural Residents (1978=100)
Welfare
Pensions for Retired Veterans, Retired and Resigned	10.5	13.4	16.1	25.6
Persons as Percentage of Total Wages (%)
Proportion of the Number of Workers Who Have	13.2	16.4	20.8	34.4
Retired or Resigned to the Number of
Employed Ones (%)
Health Care
Number of Hospitals per 10 000 Persons (unit)	0.56	0.55	0.56	0.53
Number of Doctors per 10 000 Persons (unit)	13.3	15.4	15.8	16.8
Number of Hospital Beds per 10 000 Persons (unit)	21.1	23	23.4	23.8
Utilization Rate of Hospital Beds (%)	82.7	80.9	66.9	60.8
City Construction
Percentage of Households with Access to Tap Water(%)	81.0	89.2	93.0	96.7
Percentage of Households with Access to Tap Gas (%)	22.4	42.2	70.0	84.2
Public Green Areas per 10 000 Persons(hectare)	13.7	32.2	36.7	41.3
Environment and Disasters
Average Loss of per Fire Disaster (yuan)	8121	8932	29022	8046
Average Loss of per Traffic Accident (yuan)	676	1413	5601	4326
Average Loss per Pollution Accident (yuan)			50549	73861
a)Figures of dependency ratio of children and the aged with (*) were data in 1987.
b)Since 1993, data on extrabudgetary receipt excluded the revenue of state-owned enterprises and their responsible departments.