25-18  Expenditures on Research and Experimental Development

Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization《Statistical Yearbook》1999.

(national currency units)

Country or Territory

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Annual Average

Year

As % of GNP

per Capita

Expenditure

 

(%)

Expenditure

per R & D

 

 

on R & D

Scientist

 

 

 

or Engineer

UnitedStates

(Dollar)

1996

2.64

720

177625①

Japan

(Yen)

1996

2.80

112549

22928184

Germany

(Mark)

1997

2.41

1061

344051①

UnitedKingdom

(Pound)

1996

1.95

246

100278

France

(Franc)

1997

2.25

3140

1184090①

Italy

(Lire)

1997

2.21

358271

236495195①

Canada

(Dollar)

1997

1.66

446

154838①

Australia

(Dollar)

1996

1.80

480

142768

RussianFederation

(Rouple)

1996

0.88

131150

34504406

CzechRep.

(Koruna)

1997

1.20

1891

1548283

Poland

(Zloty)

1996

0.77

72

52625

Hungary

(Forint)

1996

0.68

4404

4312971

Romania

(Lei)

1995

0.72

22442

10652279③

Bulgaria

(Leva)

1996

0.57

1083

620162

YugoslaviaF.R.

(New dinar)

1995

            

            

43912

India

(Rupee)

1994

0.73

75

499698

Indonesia

(Rupiah)

1995

0.10

2156

8092983⑤

Philippines

(Peso)

1992

        0.22①

47

295236

Thailand

(Baht)

1996

0.13

94

915558

Malaysia

(Ringgit)

1996

0.24

27

290069

Singapore

(Dollar)

1995

1.13

412

177592

Pakistan

(Rupee)

1987

0.92

51

840050④

Turkey

(Lira)

1996

0.45

1070526

3688259065

Korea,Rep.of

(Won)

1996

2.82

239896

109400803

Egypt

(Pound)

1996

0.22

8

36164②

Nigeria

(Naira)

1987

0.09

2

75809

Mexico

(New peso)

1995

0.33

63

292645

Brazil

(Reai)

1995

0.84

33

194140

Argentina

(Peso)

1995

0.38

30

44914

 

 

 

 

 

 

①Data refer to 1995. ②Data refer to 1991. ③Data refer to 1994. ④Estimate. ⑤Data refer to 1988.