|
A-Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators |
|
Administrative
Division refers to the
division of administrative areas by the state. The Constitution of the People
Republic of China stipulates that the administrative areas in China are
divided as: 1) The whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the central government; 2)
Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures,
counties, autonomous counties and cities; 3) Autonomous prefectures are
divided into counties, autonomous counties and cities; 4) Counties and
autonomous counties are divided into townships, nationality townships and
towns; 5) Municipalities and large cities are divided into districts and
counties, 6) The state shall, when necessary, establish special
administrative regions. |
|
Territory refers to territorial land, sea and air space under the
administration of a sovereign state. |
|
Climate
refers to the natural
environmental status formed by the long-time exchange of energy and mass
between the earth and the air, and is the results of interaction of many
factors. Climate is both one of
the environment factors and the important resources for the living and
production activities of the human being. The average values across several
years of meteorological factors such as temperature, rainfall and humidity
are used as important parameters to describe the climate of a region, while
the average values (or total values) of a given year or month of
meteorological factors reflect the key characteristics of climate for that
period of time. |
|
Natural
Resources refer
to material resources that could be obtained from the nature by human being
and used for production and living. Natural resources in general can be
classified as renewable resources and non-renewable resources. Renewable
resources refer to resources that could be renewed and recycled during a
relatively short period of time, including land resource, water resource,
climate resource, biology resource and marine resource. Non-renewable
resources include resources that could not be renewed, such as minerals and
geothermal resource. |
|
|
|
Area
of Cultivated Land refers
to land for the cultivation of various farm crops, including irrigated land,
manual-watered land, dry land and vegetable land. |
|
Area
of Afforestated Land refer to land for trees
bamboo, bushes and mangrove, including forest-cover land, bush-covered land,
sparse forest land, land planned for afforestation and nurseries of young
trees. |
|
Area
of Grassland refers
to areas of grassland, grass-slopes and grass-covered hills with a
vegetation-covering rate of over 5% that are used for animal husbandry or
harvesting of grass. It includes natural, cultivated and improved grassland
areas. |
|
Forest
Resource refers to forests, trees, forestland and
wild animals, plants and microorganism that live on forest and trees. Trees
include trees and bamboo. |
|
Total
Standing Stock Volume
refers to the total stock volume of trees growing in land，including trees in forest， tress in sparse forest, scattered trees
and trees planted by the side of farm houses and along the roads, rivers and
fields. |
|
Forest
Area refers to the area of
forest land where trees and bamboo grow with canopy density above 0.2，including land of natural woods and
planted woods, but excluding bush land and thin forest land. It reflects the
total areas of afforestation． |
|
Stock
Volume of Forest
refers to total stock volume of wood growing in forest area，which shows the total size and level of
forest resources of a country or a region．It is also an important indicator illustrating the richness
of forest resource and the status of forest ecological environment. |
|
Forest
Coverage Rate refers to the ratio
of area of afforested land to total land area．This indicator shows the forest resources and afforestation
progress of a country or a region．According to regulations of the government， in addition to afforested land，the area of bush forest, the area of
forest land inside farm land and the area of trees planted by the side of
farm houses and along the roads, rivers and fields should also be included in
the area of afforested land in the calculation of the forest coverage-rate.
The formula for calculating forest coveragerate is as follows： |
|
|
|
|
|
Water
Resource Water
exists in the nature in solid, liquid and gaseous states, is distributed in
the ocean, land (including earth) and air, and constitutes the water resource
through the circulation of water. Water resource includes the surface water
and underground water that is controlled by the human being for irrigation,
power-generation, water supply, navigation and cultivation. It also includes
rivers, lakes, wells, springs, tides, gulf and water
area for cultivation. Water resource as an important natural resource is
indispensable for the development of the national economy. |
|
Surface
Water and Underground Water. Water
on earth can be divided into surface water and underground water accordingo
its distribution. Surface water refers to moisture exists in rivers, lakes,
swamps, glaciers, icecaps and so on. It is also called land water. The
underground water refers to water deposited underground in the cranny and the
hole of saturated rock soil and in the water-eroded cave. |
|
Inland
Water Area refers to water area of rivers，lakes，ponds，reservoir，etc． |
|
Ocean
is the general name for sea
and ocean. Ocean refers to the main body of large salt water connected with
the earth. Sea refers to the edge areas of the salt water on the earth that
are comparted or surrounded by land, island, reef or peninsula. |
|
Marine
Cultivatable Areas
refer to water areas in beach, shallow sea and lough that are used to breed
marine cash propagation, such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, alga and so on. |
|
Runoff refers to the water gathered at the way out of the cross section
of drainage area either from the surface or underground after deducting the
wastage of the precipitation. Runoff can be divided into surface
runoff, underground runoff and within soil runoff. Surface runoff refers to
water flow to the rivers, lakes, swamps, and seas on the surface of the
earth. Underground runoff refers to water flow to rivers, lakes, swamps, and
seas through the water-bearing stratum of confined layer or unconfined layer. |
|
Volume
of Runoff refers to the total volume of water running
through a certain cross section of a river during a certain period of time,
reflecting the water resource condition in a country or a region. The formula
for calculating volume or runoff is as follows： Runoff =Precipitation-Evaporation |
|
Mineral
Resources refer to useful
minerals that can be used for industrial or agricultural purposes enriched in
lithosphere or on earth due to the geological process. |
|
Ensured
Mineral Reserves refer to the actual mineral reserves,
which equal to the proven mineral reserves (including industrial reserves and
prospective reserves) minus extracted parts and underground losses. This
indicator shows the current condition of the mineral resources of a country． |
|
Drainage
Area Each river has its own main stream and
branches to form the water system of the river. Each river has its own
catchment area, which is also called as the drainage area of the river. |
|
Out-flowing
Rivers refer to rivers
directly or indirectly flowing into the sea. The area providing water to the
out-flowing rivers is called as out-flowing area. |
|
Inland
Rivers refer to rivers in
inland dry areas that die away in desert on the way or infuse into inland
lakes. The area providing water to the inland rivers is called as inland
area. |
|
Continental
Shelf refers to seabed and
subsoil of sea floor area that beyond the marginal sea of the coastal
countries which stretches naturally of its land territory to continent edge, and its width is defined by the nited Nations Marine
Convention. The continental shelf area is rich in aquatic products, and its
seabed contains petroleum, natural gas and other mineral resources, which
belong to the coastal countries. The continental shelf of our country is the
natural stretch of its land territory to the continent edge besides the
marginal sea of our country. It expands to the seabed and subsoil of the sea
floor area to the edge of the continent. If the distance from the baseline of
the marginal sea to the continent edge is less than 200 sea miles, it can be
expanded to 200 sea miles. |
|
Shallow
Sea Cultivation
refers to the breeding of marine cash propagation in the cultivatable shallow
sea. |
|
Sea-breaches
Cultivation refers to the level
off the ooze and mud in tideland to bank up and build dam to conduct marine
cultivation. |
|
Lough
Cultivation refers to marine
cultivation conducted in harbors, bends, or the sea-beaches or marshes around
seaside and bayou by blocking the gate and banking up the dam. |
|
Temperature refers to the air temperature. |
|
Monthly average temperature is the
summation of average daily temperature of one month divided by the actual
days of that particular month. |
|
Annual average temperature is the
summation of monthly average of a year divided by 12 months. |
|
Relative
Humidity refers to the ratio
of actual water vapor pressure to the saturation water vapor pressure under
the current temperature. The calculation method is the same as that of
temperature. |
|
Volume
of Precipitation
refers to the deepness of liquid state or solid state (thawed) water falling
from the sky to the ground that has not been evaporated, infiltrated or run
off. The calculation method is as follows: |
|
Monthly precipitation is the summation of
daily precipitation of a month. |
|
Annual precipitation is the summation of
12 months precipitation of a year. |
|
Sunshine
Hours refer to the actual
hours of sun irradiating the earth. The calculation method is the same as
that of the precipitation. |