Report on the Development of National Culture and Related Industries in 2022

In 2022, the decisions and deployments made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council of RPC were conscientiously implemented by all regions and departments to facilitate the realization of policies’ efficiency in cultural industries. Culture and its related industries with an overall stable development, have witnessed a continued expansion in the scale of production and operation, a further enhancement in the leading role of new business forms, and a continued increase of total assets, total profits and investment scale.

 

I. Production and Operation

 

(1) The scale of culture and related industries has continued to expand, with a business revenue of more than 16.5 trillion yuan

 

The expansion of various cultural market entities has led to the continued expansion of China’s cultural and related industries (hereinafter referred to as “cultural industries”). In 2022, China’s business revenue from cultural industry reached 16,550.2 billion yuan ^[1], up by 169.8 billion yuan over the previous year with a growth of ^[2] 1.0%. In terms of industrial types, the cultural wholesale and retail industry and the cultural service industry achieved business revenues of 2,916.9 billion yuan and 8,440.1 billion yuan, respectively, up by 3.0% and 1.7% over the previous year; and the cultural manufacturing industry achieved business revenues of 5,193.2 billion yuan, down by 1.1% over the previous year. In terms of sectors, the core areas of culture ^[3] and cultural related fields achieved business revenues of 10,340.3 billion yuan and 6,209.9 billion yuan, up by 1.1% and 1.0% respectively over the previous year. In terms of industry categories, the business revenues of news information service, cultural consumption terminal production, content creation and production, cultural investment and operation, cultural communication channels and other industries increased by 4.0%, 2.6%, 2.4%, 2.0% and 0.4% respectively over the previous year; and the business revenues of cultural auxiliary production and intermediary service, creative design services, cultural equipment production, cultural entertainment and leisure services and other industries decreased by 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.7% and 6.3% respectively. In terms of regions, the business revenues of the eastern, central and northeastern regions reached 12,070.0 billion yuan, 2,652.5 billion yuan and 172.5 billion yuan respectively, up by 1.2%, 1.8% and 0.3% over the previous year; and the business revenues of the western region reached 1,655.2 billion yuan, down by 1.1% over the previous year.

 

(2) The business revenue of the new cultural business forms accounted for over 30%, with a continuous optimization of the industrial structure

 

The further implementation of the national cultural digitalization strategy saw the rapid development of new cultural business forms with digitalization, networking and intelligence as the main characteristics, which has become an important support to promote the high-quality development of China’s cultural industry. In 2022, 16 industry subcategories ^[4] with more distinct characteristics of new cultural business forms achieved business revenue of 5,010.6 billion yuan, up by 6.7% over the previous year, with a growth rate of 5.7 percentage points faster than that of all cultural industries. The business revenue of the new cultural business forms accounted for 30.3% of the total business revenue of the cultural industry, which was the first time to exceed 30%, up by 1.6 percentage points over the previous year. The development and expansion of new cultural business forms gave a strong impetus to the transformation and upgrading and structural optimization of China’s cultural industry. In 2022, the business revenue of the cultural service industry constituted 51.0% of the business revenue of all cultural industries, up by 0.3 percentage point over the previous year; the cultural wholesale and retail industry accounted for 17.6%, up by 0.3 percentage point over the previous year; and the cultural manufacturing industry accounted for 31.4%, down by 0.6 percentage point over the previous year.

 

II. Assets and Benefits

 

(1) The total assets of the cultural industry have kept growing, with the scale of assets exceeding 31 trillion yuan

 

By the end of 2022, the total assets of China’s cultural industry was 31,594.5 billion yuan, up by 1,845.1 billion yuan from the end of the previous year with an increase of 6.2%. In terms of industrial types, the total assets of cultural service industry, cultural wholesale and retail industry, and cultural manufacturing industry were 24,794.2 billion yuan, 2,173.8 billion yuan and 4,626.5 billion yuan respectively, up by 7.1%, 4.5% and 2.5% respectively from the end of the previous year. In terms of sectors, at the end of 2022, the core areas of culture and cultural related fields amounted to 25,240.7 billion yuan and 6,353.8 billion yuan in total assets, up by 7.0% and 3.3% respectively from the end of the previous year. The core areas of culture accounted for 79.9% of all cultural industry in total assets, up by 0.6 percentage point from the end of the previous year with a contribution rate of 89.0% to the growth of all cultural industry assets. In terms of industry categories, the assets of 3 major industry categories, namely cultural investment and operation, content creation and production, and news information service, showed a more significant growth, up by 9.6%, 8.6% and 7.3% respectively from the end of the previous year.

 

(2) The cultural industry has achieved steady growth in profits, with some efficiency indicators improved

 

In 2022, China’s cultural industry reached a total profit amounting to 1,270.7 billion yuan, up by 34.1 billion yuan over the previous year with a growth of 2.8%. Among them, the enterprises above the designated size engaged in cultural industry realized a total profit of 937 billion yuan, up by 2.8% over the previous year; and enterprises below the designated size engaged in cultural industry realized a total profit of 333.7 billion yuan, up by 2.7% over the previous year. The year of 2022 saw an improvement in some of the benefit indicators compared with the previous year, of which the profit margin of business revenue of China’s cultural industry was 7.7%, up by 0.2 percentage point over the previous year. The per capita business revenue and total profit per capita were 861,000 and 66.000 yuan, up by 8000 yuan and 2000 yuan respectively over the previous year.

 

III. Science and Technology Innovation and Investment

 

(1) The R&D investment in cultural industry has increased steadily, with a significant increase in the proportion of R&D personnel

 

Over the past few years, the function of science and technology innovation as a strategic support in the development of cultural industry has been gradually revealed, and the independent innovation capability of cultural enterprises has been effectively improved. In 2022, research and experimental development (R&D) funding of enterprises above the designated size engaged in cultural industry was 152.9 billion yuan, up by 6.4% over the previous year; and R&D expenditure of enterprises above the designated size engaged in cultural industry accounted for 1.24% of business revenue, up by 0.07 percentage point over the previous year. The number of R&D personnel of enterprises above the designated size in cultural industry was 460,000, up by 11.4% over the previous year; and it accounted for 5.8% of the total number of practitioners of enterprises above the designated size engaged in cultural industry, up by 0.6 percentage point over the previous year.

 

(2) The investment scale of cultural industry continued to expand, with faster growth rates in some industries

 

Guided by national policies to support the development of cultural industries, investment in fixed assets of China’s cultural industries has continued to expand, with faster growth rates of fixed asset investment in some industries. In 2022, investment in fixed assets of China’s cultural industry grew by 7.6% over the previous year, at a faster growth rate of 2.4 percentage points than that of the previous year. As for the nine major cultural industries, 3 major categories of fixed asset investment in cultural consumption terminal production, cultural investment and operation, and content creation and production grew by more than double digits, at a rate of 28.3%, 18.6% and 11.0% respectively; investment in cultural auxiliary production and intermediary service, cultural entertainment and leisure services, and cultural communication channels grew by 6.8%, 1.5% and 0.4% respectively over the previous year; and investment in creative design services, cultural equipment production, news information service decreased by 5.1%, 9.4% and 12.3%, respectively over the previous year.

 

Main Indicators of Cultural and Related Industries in 2022

 

 

Notes:

 

[1] Annual data of culture and related industries include annual data of enterprises above the designated size engaged in cultural and related industries, and annual data of legal entities (including public institutions, etc.) below the designated size engaged in cultural and related industries.

 

[2] The following are nominal growth without deducting price factors if not otherwise specified.

 

[3] The core areas of culture consist of six industries such as news information service, content creation and production, creative design services, cultural communication/transmission channels, cultural investment and operation, and cultural entertainment and leisure services, and the cultural related fields consist of three industries such as cultural auxiliary production and intermediary service, cultural equipment production, and cultural consumption terminal production.

 

[4] The 16 industry subcategories with distinctive characteristics of the new business forms include: radio and television integrated broadcast control, internet search service, other internet information services, digital publishing, other cultural and art industries, animation and game digital content services, internet game services, multimedia, game and animation and digital publishing and software development, value-added telecommunication cultural services, other cultural digital content services, internet advertising service, internet culture and entertainment platform, copyright and culture software service, intelligent UAV manufacturing for entertainment, wearable intelligent cultural equipment manufacturing, and other intelligent cultural consumer equipment manufacturing.

 

Annotations:

 

1. Interpretation of indicators

 

The Culture and related industries means the collection of production activities that provide cultural products and culture-related products to the public. In the Classification of Culture and Related Industries (2018), 9 major categories of culture and related industries are defined, including news information services, content creation and production, creative design services, cultural communication/transmission channels, cultural investment and operation, cultural entertainment and leisure services, cultural auxiliary production and intermediary service, cultural equipment production, and cultural consumption terminal production.

 

Business revenue means the inflow of economic benefits during the production and operation activities of enterprises engaged in the sale of goods, provision of labor services and the transfer of the right to use assets during the year.

 

Total assets means the resources developed from past transactions or events, owned or controlled by the enterprise and expected to bring economic benefits to the enterprise at the end of the year.

 

Total profit means the surplus that reflects the total profit and loss achieved by the enterprise in the reporting period after deducting various consumptions from various revenues in the course of production and operation during the year.

 

Profit margin of business revenue = total profit ÷ business revenue × 100%, unit: %.

 

Business revenue per capita = business revenue ÷ average annual number of practitioners, unit: 10000 yuan.

 

Total profit per capita = total profit ÷ average number of practitioners per year, unit: 10000 yuan.

 

Research and experimental development (R&D) funding means all actual expenditures incurred for the implementation of research and experimental development (R&D) activities during the year. Research and experimental development (R&D) means the creative and systematic work performed to increase the stock of knowledge (also including knowledge about human beings, culture and society) and to design new applications of existing knowledge.

 

Investment in fixed assets means the workload of construction and acquisition of fixed assets completed within a certain period of time expressed in monetary terms during the year and the costs associated with it in general.

 

2. Statistical coverage

 

The statistical coverage for culture and related industries is subject to the scope of industries specified in the Classification of Culture and Related Industries (2018). Among them, enterprises above the designated size engaged in culture and related industries include: industrial enterprises with annual main business revenues at or above 20 million yuan; wholesale enterprises with annual main business revenues at or above 20 million yuan or retail enterprises with annual main business revenues at or above 5 million yuan; service enterprises with annual operating revenues at or above 10 million yuan, including enterprises engaged in transportation, storage and postal services, information transmission, software and information technology services, and water conservancy, environment and public facilities management industries with annual business revenues at or above 20 million yuan, and enterprises engaged in residential service repair and other services, and culture, sports and entertainment industries with annual business revenues at or above 5 million yuan; as well as enterprises below the designated size engaged in culture and related industries that fail to meet the above criteria.

 

3. Investigation methods

 

In every economic census year, the legal entities engaged in culture and related industry shall be identified and summarized according to the data obtained from the comprehensive investigation of enterprises, institutions and other units engaged in culture and related industry on the National Statistical Online Direct Reporting Platform.

 

During non-economic census years, the legal entities above the designated size engaged in culture and related industries shall be identified and summarized according to the data obtained from the comprehensive survey of enterprises above the designated size engaged in culture and related industries on the national statistical network reporting platform; simultaneously, the data of legal entities below the designated size engaged in culture and related industries (including public institutions, etc.) shall be projected according to the data obtained from the sample survey of industries to which culture and related industries belong on the National Statistical Online Direct Reporting Platform.

 

4. Eastern, Central, Western and Northeastern regions

 

Eastern region covers 10 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong and Hainan; central region covers 6 provinces of Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Hunan; western region covers 12 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) of Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang; and the northeast region covers 3 provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang.