23-22 Exchange Rates
(MOP to one unit of foreign currency)
Items	1990	1996	1997	1998	1999
Average for the Year
Australian Dollar	6.27	6.24	5.93	5.02	5.16
Euro ②	10.23	9.98	9.02	8.95	8.53
South Korean Won ①	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Spanish Peseta	0.08	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05
US Dollar	8.02	7.97	7.98	7.98	7.99
Taiwan Dollar ①	0.30	0.29	0.28	0.24	0.25
French Franc	1.48	1.56	1.37	1.35	1.30
Pound Sterling	14.32	12.44	13.07	13.22	12.93
Hong Kong Dollar	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03
Japanese Yen	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.07
Malaysian Ringgit ①	2.97	3.17	2.90	2.04	2.10
New Zealand Dollar	4.79	5.48	5.28	4.28	4.23
Portuguese Escudo	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04
Deutsche Mark	4.98	5.30	4.60	4.54	4.36
P.R. China Renminbi ①	1.69	0.96	0.96	0.96	0.97
Singapore Dollar	4.43	5.65	5.39	4.77	4.72
Swiss Franc	5.80	6.46	5.50	5.51	5.33
As at End of Year
Australian Dollar	6.20	6.35	5.21	4.90	5.21
Euro ②	10.91	9.90	8.82	9.31	8.05
South Korean Won ①	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01
Spanish Peseta	0.08	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.05
US Dollar	8.03	7.97	7.98	7.98	8.01
Taiwan Dollar ①	0.30	0.29	0.25	0.25	0.26
French Franc	1.58	1.52	1.33	1.42	1.23
Pound Sterling	15.47	13.48	13.23	13.26	12.96
Hong Kong Dollar	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03
Japanese Yen	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.08
Malaysian Ringgit ②	2.98	3.15	2.05	2.10	2.11
New Zealand Dollar	4.72	5.64	4.64	4.22	4.17
Portuguese Escudo	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.04
Deutsche Mark	5.38	5.13	4.46	4.75	4.12
P.R. China Renminbi ①	1.54	0.96	0.96	0.96	0.97
Singapore Dollar	4.62	5.82	5.57	5.15	4.81
Swiss Franc	6.30	5.91	5.49	5.77	5.02
Notes:Pataca (MOP) is the legal tender in the Macao Special Administrative Region, as stated in "The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China". Foreign currency refers to any currency other than the Pataca. Accordingly P.R. China Renminbi is also treated as foreign currency.
①Exchange rates not officially quoted.
②Quotations before 1/1/1999 referred to the ECU of the European Union.