T-Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
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Regular
Institutions of Higher Learning refer to
educational establishments set up according to the government evaluation and
approval procedures, enrolling graduates from senior secondary schools and
providing higher education courses and training for senior professionals. They
include full-time universities, colleges, high professional schools and
short-term professional universities. |
Institutions
of Higher Learning for Adults refer to educational
establishments, set up in line with relevant rules approved by the
government, enrolling staff and workers with senior secondary school or
equivalent education ,and providing higher education courses in many forms of
full time, part time, spare time, or correspondence for adults. Professionals
thus trained receive a qualification equivalent to graduates studying regular
courses at regular universities, colleges and professional colleges. Institutions
of higher learning for adults include Radio and TV universities, schools of
high education for staff and workers and peasants, colleges for management
cadres, pedagogical colleges, independent
correspondence colleges. |
Enrollment
Rate of Primary School age Children refers to the
proportion of school age children enrolled at schools to the total number of
school age children both in and outside schools (including retarded children
,but excluding blind, deaf and mute children). The formula is: |
Enrollment Rate of Primary
School age Children=(Total Primary School age Children at Schools)÷ (Total Primary
School age Children Both at and Outside Schools) ×100% |
Independent
Research and Development Institutions refer to the state owned
institutions which have direct mission and research purpose, a certain number
of core member with higher research level and a certain number of research
personnel, necessary conditions for R & D activities and engaging in
scientific research and technological development.The
institutions also have their own independent organization and finance,
authority to sign contracts with other units, with their own accounts in
banks. Independent research and development institutions include the
institutions attached to central government agencies, Chinese Academy of
Sciences. |
Personnel
of Independent Research and Development Institutions refers to the persons
working in and receiving payment from research and development institutions.It includes regular full-time and temporary
staff and workers and employees working on contracts, but excludes retirees
and persons leaving their work without payment but still retaining their
posts, who are not on the employee list. |
Total
Expenditure on Research and Development refers to all actual expenditure made
for R&D (basic research, applied research and experimental development)in
reference period.It includes direct expenditure
on R&D and indirect
expenditure on R&D(including management and necessary administrative
expenses of research institutes, investment in capital construction relating
to R&D). |
Scientists
and Engineers refer to persons who
have completed university or higher education or obtained titles of senior
and middle level professional positions. |
Other
Technical Personnel refers to persons
involved in science and technology with secondary specialized education or
three-year college education and persons with junior professional titles. |
Natural
Scientific and Technical Personnel refers to those professionals holding
scientific and technical titles or taking such positions, or being graduated
from departments of science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, and/or
having been promoted in practice in different sectors of the national economy
and working on research, teaching and production technique in the scientific
and technological fields such as science, engineering, agriculture and
medicine, etc. and the professionals doing administrative work related to science
and technology in government agencies, enterprises and institutions. |
Engineering Professionals refer
to the persons who are engaged in engineering science and technology in
different sectors of the national economy,including
senior engineers, engineers, assistant engineers, technicians and technical
personnel without professional titles. |
Agricultural
Professionals refer to the persons
who are working on the science of agriculture in different sectors of the
national economy,including senior agronomists,
agronomists, assistant argonomists, technicians and
technical personnel without professional titles. |
Public
Health Professionals refer to the persons
who are engaged in medical and health work in different sectors of the
national economy,including director doctors and
their deputies, doctors in charge, doctors, paramedics, nurses and technical
personnel without professional titles. |
Scientific
Research Personnel refers to those
personnel engaged in scientific and technical activities in different sectors
of the national economy,including research fellows
and their deputies,assistant research fellows,research trainees,technicians
and technical personnel without professional titles. |
essionals engaged in the
teaching of natural science and technology in different sectors of the
national economy, including professors, associate professors, lecturers,
teaching assistants, teachers and
teaching personnel in science and technology in middle schools. |
Inventions refer to the inventions as
specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulations for
implementation. They refer to the new technical proposals to the products or
methods or their modifications. |
Utility
Models refer to the utility
models as specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulations
for implementation. They refer to the practical and new technical proposals
on the shape and structure of the product or the combination of both. |
Designs refer to the designs as
specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulation for
implementation. They refer to the aesthetics and industry applicable new
designs for the shape, pattern and color of the product, or their
combinations. |
Cultural
Institutions refer to units which
have their own organizational system and independent accounting system and
specialize in or serve cultural development. They exclude other
establishments run by these cultural institutions and amateur cultural groups
established by various departments. |
Art
Troupe refers to the troupe
which is engaged in drama, opera, music, dance, acrobatics or other art
performance, opens independent accounts with banks and has self-supporting
accounting system; excluding the troupes which are engaged partly in
industrial or agricultural activities, partly in art performance and the
professional troupes organized by the people. |
Film
Projection Units refer to units with
film projection equipment, full or part time projectionists, permanent or non
permanent places,approved by related administrative
departments to show films regularly for certain groups of audience, including
those film projection units which have been approved to give commercial shows
and run business with independent accounting system as well as those filmrenting units of the military system. |
Number
of Spectators at Art Performance refers to the number of attendants at
commercial shows, completely booked shows or free shows given in minority
national areas,and does not include the number of
spectators at rehearsals for examination
and internal shows for study. |
Net
Sales of Books refers to books
sold directly to readers and directly exported. |
Typesetting
of Books refers to the
volume of work (characters) of manual or laser typesetting ready for
printing. |
Printing
of Books refers to printing of books by
stereotype or offset printing method. |
Offset
Printing refers to mono or multi color
materials printed by offset press. |
Small
Piece Printing refers to printing of
single-sheet products in small quantity. |