M-Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
|
Industry refers to the
material production sector which is engaged in extraction of natural
resources and processing and reprocessing of minerals and agricultural
products, including (1) extraction of natural resources, such as mining, salt
production, logging (but not including hunting and fishing); (2) processing
and reprocessing of farm and sideline produces, such as rice husking, flour milling,
wine making, oil pressing, cotton ginning, silk reeling, spinning and
weaving, and leather making; (3) manufacture of industrial products, such as
steel making, iron smelting, chemicals manufacturing, petroleum processing,
machine building, timber processing; water and gas production and electricity
generation and supply; (4)repairing of industrial products such as the
repairing of machinery and means of transport (including cars). |
Prior to 1984, the rural
industry run by villages and cooperative organizations under village was
classified into agriculture. Since 1984, it has been grouped into industry. |
Units
of Industrial Statistics and Inquiry They are classified
into two categories (1) corporate industrial enterprises with independent
accounting system (2) industrial establishments. |
(1) Corporate industrial
enterprises with independent accounting system refer to enterprises engaging
in industrial production activities, which meet the following requirements: ①They are
established legally, having their own names, organizations, location, able to
take civil liability; ②They possess and use their assets independently,
assume liabilities, and are entitled to sign contracts with other units; ③They are
financially independent and compile their own balance sheets. |
(2)Industrial
establishments refer to economic units which located in one single place and
engaged entirely or primarily in one kind of industrial activity, including
financially independent industrial enterprises and units engaged in
industrial activities under the non industrial enterprises (or financially
dependent). Industrial establishments generally meet the following
requirements: ① They have each one location and are engaged in
one kind of industrial activity each; ② They operate and manage
their industrial production activities separately;③ They have
accounts of income and expenditures separately. |
(1)State-owned
and state holding majority shares enterprises refer to state-owned
enterprises and the enterprises which state holds majority shares.
State-owned enterprises (industry ownership by the whole people or state-run
industry) refers to
non-corporation economic units, where the entire assets are owned by the
state and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People抯 Republic of China on the Management of
Registration of Corporate Enterprises, including the
state-owned enterprise, sole state-funded corporation and state-owned joint
ownership enterprise. Joint state-private industries and private industries,
which existed before 1957, have been transformed into state-run industries.
Since 1992, those were named state-owned industries. Statistics on these
enterprises has been included in the state-industries since 1957 when
separation of data was no longer necessary. |
(2)Collective-owned
Enterprises refers to industrial
enterprises where the means of production are owned collectively, including
urban and rural enterprises invested by collectives and some enterprises
which were formerly owned privately but have been registered in industrial
and commercial administration agency as collective units through raising fund
from the public. |
(3)Share
-holding Corporations Ltd.
Refer to economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People抯 Republic of
China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises, with total registered capitals divided
into equal shares and raised through issuing stocks. Each investor hears
limited liability to the corporation depending on the holding of shares, and
the corporation bears liability to its debt to the maximum of its total
assets. |
Light
Industry refers to the
industry that produces consumer goods and hand tools. It consists of two
categories, depending on the materials used: |
(1)Industries using farm
products as raw materials. These are branches of light industry which
directly or indirectly use farm products as basic raw materials, including
the manufacture of food and beverages, tobacco processing, textile, clothing,
fur and leather manufacturing, paper making, printing, etc. |
(2)Industries using non
farm products as raw materials. These are branches of light industry which
use manufactured goods as raw materials, including the manufacture of
cultural, educational articles and sports goods, chemicals, synthetic fiber,
chemical products for daily use, glass products for daily use, metal products
for daily use, hand tools, medical apparatus and instruments, and the
manufacture of cultural and clerical machinery. |
Heavy
Industry refers to the industry
which produces capital goods, and provides various sectors of the national
economy with necessary material and technical basis. It consists of the
following three branches according to the purpose of production or the use of
products: |
(1)Mining, quarrying and
logging industry refers to the industry that extracts natural resources,
including extraction of petroleum, coal, metal and non-metal ores and
logging. |
(2)Raw materials industry
refers to the industry that provides various sectors of the national economy
with raw materials, fuels and power. It includes smelting and processing of
metals, coking and coke chemistry, chemical materials and building materials
such as cement, plywood, and power, petroleum refining and coal dressing. |
(3)Manufacturing industry
refers to the industry that processes raw materials. It includes machine
building industry which equips sectors of the national economy, industries of
metal structure and cement products, industries producing means of
agricultural production, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
According to the above principle of classification, the repairing trades
which are engaged primarily in repairing products of heavy industry are
classified into heavy industry while these engaged in repairing products of
light industry are classified into light industry. |
Gross
Industrial Output Value is the total
volume of industrial products sold or available for sale in value terms which
reflects the total achievements and overall scale of industrial production
during a given period. It includes the value of the finished products, which
are not to be further processed in the enterprises and have been inspected,
packed and put in storage, the value of industrial services rendered to other
units, and the changes in the value of the semi-finished products and
products in process between the beginning and closing of the period. The
gross industrial output value is calculated with factory method. No double
calculations are to be made within the same enterprise. However, double
counting does occur among different enterprises. |
Output value of light and
heavy industries is also classified with the factory method. Under normal
conditions, if the major products of an industrial enterprise belong to light
industry products, the gross output value of that enterprise is classified
wholly into light industry; the same principle applies to heavy industry. |
Value-added
of Industry refers to the final results of
industrial production of the industrial trade in money terms during the reference
period. |
Capital
Obtained refers to capital
actually received by the enterprise from investors. It can be further
classified by investors as state capital, collective capital, corporate
capital, individual capital, capital from |
Total
Assets refer to all
economic resources, owned or controlled by enterprises, that could be
measured in monetary terms, including properties, creditors equity and other
economic rights of all forms. Classified by the degree of equitability, total
assets include circulating assets, long term investment, fixed assets, intangible
assets and deferred assets, and other assets. |
(1)Circulating
assets (working capital) refer
to assets which can be cashed in or spent or consumed in an operating cycle
of one year or over one year, including cash, all kinds of deposits, short
term investment, receivables, advance payment, stock, etc. |
(2)Fixed
assets refer to the net
value of fixed assets, clearance of fixed assets, project under construction,
fixed assets losses in suspense. These are corporations fund holdings. |
(3)Intangible
assets refer to the assets without material form used by enterprises over a
long time, such as patents, non-patent technologies, trade marks, copyright,
land use right, business reputation, etc. |
Total
Liabilities refer to the debts,
measured in monetary terms, that enterprises are responsible for
repayment in the form of cash,
assets or labour. Classified by terms of repayment, liability
include liquid liabilities and long-term liabilities. |
(1)Liquid
liabilities (also called quick liabilities or immediate liabilities) refer to enterprises total debt
payable within an operating cycle of one year or over one year, including
short term loans, payables and advance payments, wages payable, taxes payable
and profit payable, etc. |
(2)Long
term liabilities
refers to total debt payable within an operating cycle of one year or
over one year, including long-term loans, payable liabilities, long-term
payables, etc. |
Creditors
Equity refers to investors
ownership of net assets of the enterprise. It is equal to the total assets of
the enterprise minus its total liabilities, including the primary input from
investors, capital accumulation fund, surplus accumulation fund and
undistributed profit. It is the shareholders equity in share-holding
companies. |
Original
Value of Fixed Assets
refers to the original value of all fixed assets owned by industrial
enterprises, calculated at the cost paid at the time of purchase,
installation, reconstruction, expansion, and technical innovation and
transformation of the said assets, which includes expenses on purchase,
package, transportation, and installation, etc. |
Net
Value of Fixed Assets is obtained by
deducting depreciation over years from the original value of fixed assets. |
Working
Capital (Circulating Assets) refers to
assets which can be cashed in or spent or consumed in an operating cycle of
one year or over one year, which includes cash, various deposits, short term
investment, and receivable payments, and advance payments, stock, etc. |
Sales
Revenue of Industrial Products refers to the revenue from the sales of
products by industrial enterprises and the revenue from services provided and
etc. |
Sales
Cost of Industrial Products refers to the actual
cost of products of industrial enterprises and industrial services provided,
etc.. |
Tax
and Extra Charges on Sales of Products refer to the tax on
city maintenance and construction, consumption tax, resources tax and extra
charges for education, which should be borne by the enterprises in selling
products and providing industrial services. |
Sales
Profit of Products refers to the profit
gained by the enterprises by deducting cost, charges and taxes from the
business income of the enterprises obtained in selling products and providing industrial services. |
Total
Profits refer to the profits
gained by the enterprises. |
Value-added
Tax Payable refers to the amount
of the value added tax which should be paid by the enterprises in the
reporting period. |
Ratio
of Profits, Taxes and Interests to Average Assets
reflects the profit-making capability of all assets
of the enterprise and is a key indicator manifesting the performance and
management and evaluating the profit-making potential of the enterprise. It is
calculated as follows: |
Ratio of profits, taxes
and interests to average assets (%) = [(Total profits + total Taxes + interest
payment) ÷ average assets ]×100% |
Ratio
of Debts to Assets reflect both the
operation risk and the capability of the enterprise in making use of the
capital from the creditors. It is calculated as follows: |
Ratio of debts
to assets (%) = (Total debts ÷ total assets)×100% |
Ratio
of Profits to Total Industrial Costs refers to the ratio of profits realized
in a given period to the total costs in the same period, which reflects the
economic efficiency of input cost and is calculated as follows: |
Ratio of Profits to Total
Industrial Cost(%)=(Total Profits÷ Total Costs)×100% |
Value-added
Rate of Industry refers
to the ratio of value added of industry in a given period to the gross output
value in the same period, which reflects the economic efficiency of cutting
down the intermediate input and is calculated as follows: |
Value-added Rate of
Industry(%)=[Value-added of Industry (at current prices) ] ÷ [Gross Output
Value (at Current Prices)]×100% |
Turnover
of Working Capital refers to the
number of times of turnover of working capital in a given period of time,
which reflects the speed of the turnover of working capital and is calculated
as follows: |
Turnover of Working
Capital(%)=(Sales Revenue of Products) ÷ (Average Balance of Total
Working Capital)×100% |
Ratio
of Sales to Gross Output Value refers to the sales
of industrial products to the gross industrial output value during the
reference period, and is important in reflecting the linkage between
production and sales and the extent of the needs of the society that has been
met by the supply of industrial products. It is calculated as follows: |
Ratio of Sales to Gross
Output Value=Industrial sales÷ Gross industrial output value (at current prices)
×100% |
Overall
Labour Productivity of Industrial Enterprises refers to the average
output per employed person in industrial enterprises in value terms. At
present, the value added and the average number of staff and workers of an industrial enterprises in a given period are used to
calculate the overall labour productivity. The formula used is: |
Overall Labour
Productivity=(Value Added of Industry) ÷ (Average Number of Staff and
Workers) |
For the purpose of
comparison of the overall labour productivity among different years, the data
on the overall labour productivity of the years prior to 1990 have been
adjusted on the basis of 1990 constant prices. |