People’s Livelihood |
Brief Introduction |
I.
the data in this chapter show the conditions of China's people's livelihood,
including employment, income and expenditure of the residents, housing
condition, possession of the consumer goods, culture, education, health care
and public facilities. |
II.
the data on the livelihood of the urban residents in
this chapter come from the data collected by the sample survey on the urban
households. the main content of the survey includes
the population in the household and its composition, the cash income and expenditure
of the household, the quantity of major commodities purchased and the expenditure
for them, the employment of the household members, the housing condition and
the ownership of the durable consumer goods. |
The
survey on the urban households is organized by the Urban Socio-economic
Survey Organization, NBS. the urban socio-economic
survey organizations of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the central government as well as the urban socio-economic
survey organizations of the selected cities and counties collect the data in accordance
with the survey scheme stipulated by NBS and report them to the higher
organization. |
The
survey on the urban households is conducted in such a way that the selected
households by sampling method should keep accounts for successive three years
and be interviewed by the enumerators. by a rotation
sampling scheme, one third of the old sample households should be replaced by
the new sample households every year. the respondent
households are selected by the two-stage stratified systematic random
sampling scheme. |
At
the first stage, the cities and counties are firstly classified into 5
categories by their population size, namely the particularly large cities,
large cities, medium-sized cities, small cities and counties. Secondly, they
are grouped into the 6 administrative regions (northeastern region, north
region, eastern region, central region, northwestern region and southwestern
region). in each administrative region, the cities
and counties are arranged in the order of the average wages of their staff
and workers in the urban areas. Thirdly, the number of the staff and workers
of the cities are accumulated and the sample cities or counties are selected
by a systematic sampling scheme; the sampling interval is one million staff
and workers. |
At
the second stage, the sample households are selected by the multi-stage and two-phase
sampling scheme. in the particularly large and large
cities, the first phase sample is selected by three-stage sampling method:
Firstly, the sample sub-districts are selected; Secondly, the sample
residents committees are selected from the sample sub-districts; Thirdly, the
sample households are selected from the sample residents committees. in the medium-sized and small cities and counties, the first
phase sample is selected by two- stage sampling method: Firstly, the sample
residents committees are directly selected; Secondly, the sample households
are selected from the sample residents committees. the
second phase sample is composed of the sample households which are surveyed
in a regular way and these households are selected with stratified sampling
method from the households in the first phase sample. |
In
total, 226 cities and counties and 36,000 households are selected by the National
Bureau of Statistician the way mentioned above. |
III.
the data on the livelihood of the rural residents
come mainly from the data collected by the sample survey on the rural
households, which is organized by the Rural Socio-economic Survey
Organization, NBS. the main content of the survey
includes the basic condition of the rural households, the per capita total
income and net income, the expenditure for the residential consumption, the consumption
of major consumer goods and the quantity of durable consumer goods owned. |
The
sample survey on the rural households is conducted with a multi-stage
balanced systematic sampling scheme with a random start. in
the sampling process, the sample counties are selected by the provinces; the sample
villages are selected by the sample counties; and the sample households are
selected by the sample villages. Totally, 857 sample counties have been
selected by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities under the leadership
of the central government, accounting for about 35% of the total number of counties
in the whole country. |
In
the survey on the rural households, the per capita net income in the recent
three years is chosen as the characteristic in the order arrangement in compiling
the sampling frame. Secondly, the average population in the recent three
years is used as the auxiliary data; the population is accumulated; the sampling
interval is determined and the sample villages are selected with the balanced
systematic sampling method with a random start. Thirdly, the per capita net
income in the previous year is chosen as the characteristic in the order
arrangement in compiling the household sampling frame. the
resident population is used as the auxiliary data; the population of the households
is accumulated; the sampling interval is determined and the sample households
are selected with the balanced systematic sampling method with a random
start. |
In
total, more than 67,000 rural households in some 9,000 villages in 857
counties are included in the sample survey on the rural households. |
It
is required that the sampling error should not exceed 3%. in
order to ensure the accuracy of the data of the survey on the rural
households, two accounts are designed for the respondent households by the Rural
Socio-economic Survey Organization, NBS, the cash account and the account on goods
in kind. Nearly 10 thousand assistant enumerators have been invited to help
the households to keep good accounts and check and tabulate the data of the survey. |
In
order to overcome the boring feeling of the respondent households and solve
the problem of aging samples to make the sample more representative of the population
and able to reflect the rural social and economic situation more accurately
and timely, a rotation sampling scheme is implemented by the Rural
Socio-economic Survey Organization, NBS in selecting the rural sample
households, with the cycle of complete rotation being 4 years. |